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Home > Multifaceted Thriving Scale Mts : Theoretical Refinement, Measurement and Construct Validation

Multifaceted Thriving Scale Mts : Theoretical Refinement, Measurement and Construct Validation

Thesis Info

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Author

Ghulam Abid

Program

PhD

Institute

National College of Business Administration and Economics

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Management Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13439/1/Ghulam_Abid_Management_Sciences_HSR_2016_NCBAE_1069_24.01.2017.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724877789

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For more than two decades, we have been observing extraordinary academic and corporate curiosity for developing sustainable organizations. Sustainable organizations means, organizations that have the capability to endure, be creative and efficient over time. These sustainable organizations aim at simultaneously satisfying the triple bottom line of economic, environmental and human performance. Scholars have emphasized on better understanding of human dimensions of sustainability for competitive advantages. To be successful in today‟s competitive and fast-paced complex environment, organizations need knowledge, skills, ideas, energy and creativity of employees at every level to grow as well as survive. Both practitioners and academicians understand that sustainability of an organization is inextricably linked with the human energy and thriving at work. Thriving is one of the most recent to receive attention in positive organizational scholarship and behavior movement. Thriving has become a well-known construct to both scholars and practitioners because it is related to many positive outcomes at workplace. However, the term and the construct of thriving is still in the development process. It has been defined in many ways in different field of studies and items and dimensions comprising different existing measures appear to be very different in content. Moreover, so far only the cognitive and affective dimensions of thriving have been explored; whereas, as per psychological sciences, each cognitive or affective element inevitably reflects or manifests itself in some form of behavior. Our conception of thriving is multidimensional, corresponding to the three dimensions: cognitive, affective and behavioral and bearing close similarity to the conceptualization of O''Leary and Ickovics, (1994), who defined thriving as “a dynamic process of adaptation, influenced by numerous individual and social factors; it emerges and changes over the life course and may be identified in behavioral, cognitive, or affective domains”. The overarching objective of the series of studies in present research was to help clarify and modify the multifaceted thriving scale by adding a third dimension to the construct of thriving, i.e. the behavorial dimension. This effort contributes to positive organizational scholarship as it allowed scale modification and development; and, scale development is a cornerstone for research in any field of study. To achieve our objectives, we first used recent literature across different disciplines to find out how thriving was being pursued; side by side, we have conducted 14 in-depth interviews to explore and access thriving and its dimensionality i.e. multifacetedness of thriving. The combined initial effort allowed us to identify and validate multifaceted construct of thriving, its dimensions and items. Subsequently, several studies have been conducted with independent samples from wide variety of industries and occupations to validate the items and factor structure of multifaceted thriving scale. We have conducted Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Convergent and Discriminant Validity and Predicted Validity of Multifaceted Thriving Scale (MTS) with the help of three survey based studies through SPSS and AMOS. Each study provides additional validity of multifaceted thriving scale. Correlation and regression analysis were also conducted to see the incremental validity. The predominant philosophical approach that guided this study has been pragmatic, which enabled the exploration and validation through mixed method using qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques In the scale development process, at first, 54 items were generated from our extensive review of the literature and with the help of in-depth and insightful interviews at stage 1. Thereafter, content validation by a panel of 5 experts, followed by an exploratory factor analysis at stage 3, confirmatory factor analysis at stage 4, convergent and discriminant validity at stage 5, each was done on an independent sample, resulted in 23 items ascertaining and determining the three dimensions of multifaceted thriving scale (i.e. cognitive, affective and behavioral). The developed measure was internally consistent and was differentially related with other resembling constructs. Finally, at stage 6 study was conducted on an independent sample of professionals which supported the predictive validity of our multifaceted thriving scale. The study discusses the results and draws several insights to boost employees‟ thriving for positive behavioral outcomes, particularly at workplace, hence, the study provides implications for theory and practice. Limitations and future directions were discussed.
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جدوں اویس دا ٹٹا دند

جدوں اویس دا ٹُٹا دند
ہوئے حضوری وچ پسند
رہن عاشق توں پاسے پاسے
ہور نہیں دیندے کوئی گزند
عشق توں رہندے دور دراڈے
جیہڑے بندے عقل مند
سوہنے ڈگدے سوہنیاں اتے
کر کے ساڈا ساہ بند
ہمدردی تے خدمت سیوا
ایہو نیکاں دی ہے ، ھند
دکھاں درداں دے جو ساتھی
دنیا اتے بندے چند
ڈرے حنیف خدا توں خبرے
کیہڑا اوہنوں رنگ پسند

خاندانی نظام کے استحکام میں رزق حلال کا کردار

Mankind came at this earth with their needs. The basic needs of mankind are food for eating, water for drinking, and for the protection of selves; they need wearing clothes and shelter to safeguard themselves from rain, hot and cold. The responsibility of living is dependent on these essential requirements. Islam teaches mankind to earn lawful food. Many verses and hadiths are related to earning lawful food. Islam is a peaceful religion. Therefore, to earn lawful (Halal) food is appreciated. This is a fact that the economic stability has positive effects on human beings' faith, believe, ethics, character, thinking, thoughts, personality and the system of a family. Whereas the financial instability puts negative effects on people's faith, believe ethics, character, thinking, thoughts, personality and the system of a family. That is why Islam advises mankind for earning lawful (Halal) foodstuff. All those sources are considered unlawful (Haraam) to earn money, which directly affects society or people’s wealth, life, and faith. The lawful (Halah) money (food) motivates the people towards good works and unlawful (Haraam) simulates the mankind to do sinful deeds. Food affects the body, like same the unlawful (Haraam) money (food) affects the soul. Lawful foodstuff produces a spiritual power in people for doing good and righteous and to inculcate give values, respect and importance to every relationship and to the society at large. The aim of this draft to elucidate the importance of lawful money (foodstuff) and its role in the stability of the family system.

Immunoregulatory Effects of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis & Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Liver Cirrhosis

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme which is involved in the degradation of L-tryptophan through kynurennine pathway. IDO induced immunosupression can be clinically beneficial for autoimmune diseases. Primary biliary cirrhosis is well defined by autoimmune lesion of intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells. There is evidence that impaired IDO level contributes to the development of autoimmunity in PBC. Our aim was to assess the expression of IDO in our cell culture model and in PBC patients. Tryptophan metabolites are available and could potentially demonstrate utility in PBC. The current study establishes, for the first time, the expression of IDO in the H69 cell line and increase rate of conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine in patients with PBC. Furthermore, clinical biopsies from PBC patients demonstrated that the expression of IDO was observed not only in cholangiocytes as described earlier but also in hepatocytes. In the presence of TGF-β impaired IDO activity might contribute in the progression of disease scenario. The use of tryptophan metabolites could enhance the effects of IDO and compensate for the lack of efficiency of existing immunotherapeutic strategies. The positive effect of tryptophan metabolites on Human CD4+ T cells to induce polarization toward T-reg phenotype may render a prospective means to ameliorate the consequence of immunotherapy for the management of PBC. In this study we analyzed that the immunomodulatory enzyme IDO activity providing new insight into the pathogenesis of PBC. IDO-mediated immunosupression through tryptophan metabolites may be used against the progression of PBC. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has infected more than 12 million Pakistani people. Our aim was to assess the expression and enzymatic activity of IDO in HCV patients. We observed high expression of IDO in HCV induced liver cirrhotic patients. IDO was significantly higher in the serum samples of HCV infected patients as compare to the control. It suggest that IDO may involved in the immunosuppression and possibly contribute to progression of HCV infection. Our findings advocated that the HCV patients with over expression of IDO might have poor prognosis, and IDO may become a newly useful marker for HCV induced liver cirrhosis. Thus, blocking IDO might provide new strategies as an adjuvant therapy intervention for HCV. The modeling of the biological regulatory networks (BRNs) using of Rene Thomas Formalism, we observed the critical role of TGF-β and IFN-γ in the suppression and induction of IDO. We observe two types of steady states behaviors in the state graph. The cycle shows the homeostasis of IDO and TGF-β while IFN-γ is inactive (silent). The stable state shows the high expression levels of IFN-γ and IDO while TGF-β is silent. There is a divergence from the cycle towards the stable states and it is observed that this divergence occurs when IFN-γ has expression levels. In cancers condition if we induce TGF-β which is negative regulator of IDO can create the homeostasis. Otherwise the expression of IDO can be inhibited by 1-MT. In case of autoimmune diseases if we inhibit the TGF-β the induction of IDO may produce homeostasis. Tryptophan downstream metabolites can also beneficial in this regard. Key words: IDO, PBC, HCV, IFN-γ, TGF-β, 1-MT, H69, Tryptophan metabolites, BRNs