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National Identity Construction in Pakistani Media After 9/11

Thesis Info

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Author

Saeed, Shazia

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Communication Studies

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12156/1/Shazia%20saeed%20communication%20studies%202019.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724880200

Similar


This study intends to analyze national identity construction in Pakistani print media after 9/11. A review of literature indicates that the past research has mostly focused on framing image of Pakistan in international media that guides to explore how Pakistani indigenous media frames our national identity. Framing theory and social identity theory have been utilized to ascertain the role of Pakistani media in framing national identity. This study adopted mixed methods approach. It employed quantitative and qualitative content analysis of Pakistani leading daily English and Urdu newspapers including The News, Dawn, Daily Jang and Daily Nawa-i-Waqt from 2001-2015. Semiotic analysis of selected pictures and discourse analysis of selected news items were also conducted. The sample was drawn following systematic sampling. The unit of analysis were news stories and published pictures. Results from quantitative and qualitative content analysis of news stories indicated that Pakistani English and Urdu press framed positive identity of Pakistan. Analysis of the pictures revealed that positive frames were employed more than negative frames to depict Pakistan and its people. On the other side, discourse analysis revealed that Pakistani press constructed a positive self that is strong, cooperative, confident, peace-loving, and sovereign while presented India, USA, and Afghanistan as negative other in the news stories. Pakistani press also self-othered the terrorists and constructed Pakistani self as a victim of terrorism not terrorists. This finding documents the perspective of self-othering to be added to the application of social identity theory.
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کھیلوں کا کردار پر اثر

کھیلوں کا کردار پر اثر
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو! آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع فراہم کیا گیا ہے وہ ہے:’’کھیلوں کا کردار پراثر ‘‘
معزز حاضر ین!
جہاں تک کردار کا تعلق ہے یہ قوموں کی زندگی میں ریڑھ کی ہڈی کی حیثیت رکھتا ہے۔ تعلیمات اسلام اور عبادات دین کا اگربنظرِ غائرمطالعہ اور مشاہدہ کیا جائے تو جو چیز سامنے آتی ہے وہ اچھے کردار اور اخلاق کی تخلیق ہے۔ جملہ احکام الہیہ بھی ایک انسان میں اچھے کردار اور اخلاق کے متمنی ہیں۔ اورقرآن جس کا موضوع انسان ہے وہ بھی ایک اچھے انسان کا خواہش مند ہے۔ جو دین ودنیا میں ہرلحاظ سے کامیاب ہو۔بقول شاعر:
بات کردار کی ہوتی ہے وگرنہ عارفؔ
قد میں انسان سے سایہ بھی بڑا ہوتا ہے
ذہین انسان ہی با کردار ہوتا ہے۔ ماہر نفسیات کہتے ہیں کہ ذہن جب باہر آتا ہے تو کردار بن جاتا ہے کردار جب اندر جاتا ہے تو ذہن بن جاتا ہے۔
صدرِذی وقار!
یہ موضوع بہت طویل ہے میں صرف مذکورہ موضوع پر چند گزارشات پیش کرنا چاہتا ہوں۔ تاریخِ اقوام عالم پر نظر دوڑائیں تو کاروبار اور محنت و مشقت کے ساتھ ساتھ آپ کو ایسے لمحات بھی دکھائی دیں گے جن میں تفریح اور کھیل کودکے سوا کچھ نہیں ہوگا۔ کھیل کود کا تصور اسلام میں بھی موجود ہے کہ محسنِ کائنات حضرت محمدؐ نے بھی تیرا کی اور دوڑ کے مقابلوں میں حصہ لیا۔ کھیل اور تفر یحی پروگرام کردار پر بڑا اچھا اثر ڈالتے ہیں۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ دیگر ممالک کی طرح پاکستانی نظام تعلیم میں اور اوقات تعلیم و تدریس میں بھی باقاعدہ ڈرل کا پیریڈ ہوتا ہے۔...

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Religious extremism has become one of the main problems of the world today and many non-Muslims believe that religious extremism is synonymous to Islam. This article discussed the topic of religious extremism and presents the solution to the problem. The Quran used the word ‘Ghuluw’ which can fairly be translated as extremism. The term is defined as ‘elevating someone or something to a level higher than its true reality’. If we look carefully into Islamic teachings we will see that Islam does not approved extremism, especially with regard to religion. Islam not only disapproved extremism, but also urges us to be moderate and disassociate ourselves from extremism.

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