Sindh’s best city in Karachi amid absence of any declared integration policy on part of the ruling elite has been faced with ethnic disharmony which often erupts into colossal ethnic violence taking scores of precious human lives. Though communal problem in the land of Sufis traces its link to the creation of the country in the late 1940s, it was actually the mid 1980s which saw ethnic fissures in the Sindh metropolis get widened with the battle lines being drawn between Pakhtun migrants and Urdu-speaking Mohajirs who started jumping down each other’s throat after a mini-bus ran over a refugee college girl student Bushra Zaidi on April 15, 1985. The provincial capital suffered colossal destructions in terms of loss of precious human lives and properties mainly caused by ethnic violence which started after the unfortunate Bushra Zaidi’s killing. The tragic death of the refugee girl not only changed the face of Sindh metropolis but also affected institutions and individuals including the press and journalists. The research has not only shed extensive light on the causes of ethnic violence in Sindh capital but also dealt with the press coverage of ethnic affairs by conducting textual analysis of national newspapers published in Karachi to decipher whether or not newspapers’ coverage of ethnic affairs has improved. Content analysis of national newspapers—Dawn, Jang, Jasarat and Naw-e-Waqat—of two time periods—1985, 1986, 1987 and 2007, 2008, 2009—has been carried out to see how ethnic affairs were covered by the national press in the mid and late 1980s, and in the late 2000s and whether newspapers’ coverage of ethnic affairs has improved. The result of the content analysis shows that English newspapers coverage of communal issues have improved considering Dawn low percentage points of state nationalism-driven news items among other factors like publishing of more exclusive news regarding ethnic affairs. There is still no finality in this regard amid the changed dynamics prevailed in the city in late 2000s as against the mid and late 1980s when ethnicity was the pressing issue. As for improvement or decline in the coverage of Urdu dailies, though state nationalism driven news items have posted a drop in the second time period, it’s not due to the fact that Urdu journalism has now started believing in fighting for the rights of ethnic minorities but the simple fact is that the city situation changed in the late 2000s with the Urdu dailies likely yet again to opt for news items containing nationalist rhetoric whenever there would be any ethnic conflict between ethnic groups.
مرزا فرحت اﷲ بیگ دہلوی اس مہینہ کاایک ادبی حادثہ مرزا فرحت اﷲ بیگ دہلوی کی وفات ہے۔ مرزاصاحب مولوی نذیر احمد صاحب دہلوی کے شاگرد تھے لیکن حق یہ ہے کہ زبان کی شگفتگی، انداز بیان کی دلکشی اورعبارت کی چستی و حلاوت میں شاگرد استادسے سبقت لے گیا تھا۔ اب ملک میں جس قسم کے ادیب پیداہورہے ہیں اس کے پیش نظر توقع نہیں کہ کوئی آئندہ’’دلی کا آخری مشاعرہ‘‘یا’’پھول والوں کی سیر‘‘کی پرانی داستانیں اس کمال سحرکاری کے ساتھ سُنا سکے گا۔اﷲ تعالیٰ مرحوم کی مغفرت فرمائے اورپسماندگان کوصبرجمیل کی توفیق ارزاں ہو۔ [مئی۱۹۴۷ء]
Laws of inheritance and succession exist since time immemorial in every human society. The estate of the deceased person is distributed amongst his/her legal heirs according to the laws of inheritance. Based on religions i.e. Islam and Hinduism-two different societies exist in the Indo-Pak sub-continent, having different frames of rules regarding socio-religious life. Coupled with a long history of closeness and co-existence, have deep religio-moral and socio-cultural diffusions and infusions with one another. The same impact permeates the laws of inheritance as well. This paper is an analysis of this permeation by focusing on the points of comparison and contrast in the light of the Holy Qur’ān, Sunn’ah and the sacred books of Hindūism.
This study analyzes business processes in public and private sector organizations with respect to key performance variables such as business process orientation, business process innovativeness and business process efficiency. After presenting a theoretical framework, a model is proposed and tested to examine the impact of business processes on employee and organizational performance. Proportionate stratified sampling method is used to collect data from employees of domestic scheduled banks in Pakistan through a structured questionnaire. With a response rate of 19%, a total of 474 completely-filled questionnaires were received, constituting the sample size of this study. This empirical investigation uses factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques like simple linear regression and partial least squares to test the proposed model. SPSS 15.0 and visual partial least squares (VPLS) 1.04 were used for data analysis. The findings validate the proposed model, with significant direct and indirect correlations observed between business process variables and employee and organizational performance. This study strongly supports a process-based view of business performance. A process approach is of immense importance in Pakistan given that inefficient business processes are the overwhelming norm in businesses over there. Key Words: Business Processes, Business Process Analysis, Business Process Orientation, Business Process Innovativeness, Business Process Efficiency, Employee Performance, Organizational Performance