أدب الأطفال عند السيد أبي الحسن علي الندوي

Children's Literature” is defined as material written and produced for the information or entertainment of children and young adults. In simple terms, children’s literature comprises texts (novels, short stories, picture books, fairy tales, myths, poems) produced in various formats (print, digital, film, games) for children and young people. The first book for young people was printed in 1484 by William Cakistoon. Maulana Syed Abul Hasan Ali Nadvi was one of the greatest writer and Islamic thinker in the second half of the twentieth century. He wrote many books in Arabic and Urdu, and wrote more than fifty books. He also wrote for children and young adults. Famous of them are: Qasas un Nabiyeen, Searat Khaatam un Nabiyeen, Al Qiraat ur Rashida, Qasas min Altarikh Al Islami and min Alnjoom ilal Arz.

Formal Design and Verifications in Parallel File Systems

In this dissertation, the architecture of the existing file systems such as EXT, NTFS and UFS is reviewed. A study of space utilization patterns in different file systems has been presented. Effects of directory depth on file access have been discussed. Moreover, the use of formal approaches in design and verifications of parallel file systems are presented. Prototype verification system (PVS) is used as a tool to specify and verify the file system architecture. We used a top down approach to formalize the hierarchical file systems. The most important aspects of a file system such as read, write, delete and move are formalized using refinement techniques where abstract definitions of these operations are specified and then refined towards a pointer based application. Furthermore, formal specification and verification of the cyclic data striping algorithm for parallel file systems have been presented with the help of proof assistant PVS. Our study of applying formal methods to parallel file system design opens many new directions for the future research. Formalizing the complete parallel file system is a grand challenge for the scientific community. The hard links and file system security must be formally designed and verified for building robust, reliable and error free parallel file system architectures. Several different algorithms for tree structure organization of data files must be formally verified before use in parallel file systems.