This study was based on human resource management (HRM) and performance linkages, and reviewed existing available HRM-Performance perspectives to iden- tify an alternate perspective for HRM. The most suitable option in literature was organizational justice (OJ) and its major dimensions. The objective of this study was to identify the missing theories of OJ, which if included would further sub- stantiate OJ and its major dimensions. Census method was used to collect data from faculty members and their respec- tive head of department of private higher educational institutions operated in Pakistan. A 5-point Likert scale was used which provided data from both types of respondents. A total of 966 questionnaires were distributed amongst the faculty members and their respective head of department. Out of 966 questionnaires, 588 successful questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 60 percent. The reliability of measures were evaluated through Cronbach''s alphas; while, the valid- ity were evaluated through expert opinion along with con rmatory factor analysis. One sample t-test and simultaneous equation models (three path mediated model) were used for testing of our eight hypotheses. The results re ect that the well identi ed missing theories in existing OJ scales include: external equity, equality, need, due process model, interaction with col- leagues, interaction with top management, and upward communication. Further, majority of experts opinion on missing theories (our proposed additions) have ap- peared on positive side, that is, they were more inclined toward agreed side than disagreed. Moreover, therstve econometric models (4.1-4.5) used for testing of hypotheses, one each for each of the OJ dimension have been signi cant on the basis of F-value. Additionally, majority of our proposed additions and existing sub-dimensions turn out to be signi cant, in therstve econometric models. Similarly, the last four econometric models (4.6-4.9) used to test the mediating mechanism of overall justice and employees'' job satisfaction have also been found signi cant on the basis of F-value. The mediated e ect of overall justice, and employees'' job satisfaction were also found statistically signi cant. Finally, the last model (4.13) used to test the moderating a ect of organizational size was sta- tistically signi cant; however, only two variables, that is, overall justice and rater procedural justice provide signi cant results. On the basis of results, it is concluded that there exist considerable theoretical gaps and misconceptions in existing OJ scales and literature. Further, presently missing theories (external equity, equality, downward communication, etc.), should be added to the existing dimensions of OJ to complete the concept. Moreover, OJ dimensions as measured through their sub-dimensions contributes towards over- all OJ, which in turn lead to employees'' job satisfaction, which further lead to employees behavior.
Bābā Farīd al-Dīn Ganj-i-Shakar, considered as the first Punjābī Sūfī poet, not only exercised his skill but also conveyed Qur’ānic and Prophetic (PBUH) message through his Punjābī poetry. His poetry is a rich source of Islamic teachings in lingua franca of the Punjab. The research intends to explore that whether the inclusion of his poetry in the Sikh scripture is recognition of Muslim mysticism or the poetry itself. The study attempts to examine the relation of the hymns of Bābā Ṣāhib with the teachings of Holy Qur’ān. Bābā Farīd, because of his high stature as an originator of Punjābī poetry, got a place in Granth Ṣāhib. The goal of this research is to highlight the pivotal position of Bābā Ṣāhib in connecting the two major religions of the world. The paper not only substantiates the historic position of Bābā Ṣāhib but also gives an insight to the services rendered by his poetry in promoting the interfaith harmony in the Sub-continent. This article focuses on Bābā Farīd as a literary and moral Canon, which led his work to be included in Sikh scripture. Moreover, it hints at the nuances of religious tolerance, mutual respect and love for knowledge, which lacks otherwise in a multi-religious society. In this article some of Bābā Ṣāhib’s verses in Granth Ṣāhib will be traced and analysed, taking into account their Qur’ānic interpretations. The comparative and somewhat historical approaches have been adopted to lay out a vivid analysis of his hymns in relation with the verses of the Holy Qur’ān and hence a message is extracted. Thus, he, evidently becoming part of one of the greatest anthologies of Punjābī poetry, attracted a huge outreach. The research question of this article is, whether the Holy Qur’ān is a basic source of Bābā Ṣāhib’s poetry or otherwise. It is strongly recommended that in order to attain actual harmony in our society, Bābā Ṣāhib’s work should be published in Shah-Mukhi script for the contemporary readership.
Maize genotypes including 64 in number were evaluated at early stage in greenhouse with the soil having 40-100% moisture levels for different seedling parameters on various genetic analysis revealed that the highest estimates of heritability were found for root fresh weight, root volume and shoot fresh weight, at 40% soil moisture providing the evidence that these plant characters are under the control of additive genetic effects. The results showed that selection should evolve the genetic material with improved characteristics within short time. The single linkage cluster analysis and principle component analysis identified the variation among these parameters and in genotypes under the different moisture levels. Genotypes 21 in number with moderately tolerant and drought susceptible backgrounds were further evaluated by using Inter simple sequence repeats markers to ascertain their biodiversity. So 14 number of parents with determined diversity were finally selected and were crossed in line x tester fashion and their F1 along with their related parents were grown using randomized complete block design with 3 replications under normal and 50% of normal irrigation field conditions. All the cultural and other practices were kept uniform to both plantings except irrigation. Various agronomic and physiological parameters were recorded and analyzed for analysis of variance, genotypic and phenotypic correlation, principle component analysis, cluster analysis, general combining ability analysis and specific combining ability analysis for both conditions. Highest range of broad sense heritability with higher genetic advance regarding different plant characteristics depicted that these plant characters were controlled by additive genetic effects. So, it indicates that a fast genetic improvement is found in the experimental material. Clusters with superior genotypes showed the genetic potential of accession to transfer the desirable genes to improve yield in maize. The best combiners for both normal and 50% of normal irrigation field conditions were L3 x T4 (015114 x EV-6098), L9 x T4 (015129 x EV-6098), L9 x T1 (015129 x Sahiwal-2002). These crosses might be useful as transgressive seggregants in subsequent generations. The lines viz 014955, 015084, 015114, Sahiwal-2002, Agaiti-2002, Ev-5098 and Ev-6098 were found as best parents. These lines may be exploited in future breeding program for drought conditions. On the basis of different inheritance pattern of each parameter, it was suggested that overall performance of the lines and their all possible combinations might be more useful while selecting for water stress condition.