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Home > Pakistan-Us Alliance: Towards a Framework for Strategic Gap Analysis of Foreign Policy Interests 2001-2014

Pakistan-Us Alliance: Towards a Framework for Strategic Gap Analysis of Foreign Policy Interests 2001-2014

Thesis Info

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Author

Sarfraz, Muhammad.

Program

PhD

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

International Relations

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9517/1/AMJED_SARFRAZ_Politics_%26_IR_2017_HSR_IIU_23.02.2018.docx

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724906204

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A review of the literature on security alliances reveals the fact that scholars have devoted more attention to issues concerning the formation of alliances with a scant focus on the management and termination of alliances. Yet the large number of constraints and failures suggest that the practice of alliance management is not always in synch with the understanding of alliance formation which points towards a serious knowledge gap between the two. The purpose of this research was to narrow that gap with a focus on issues which arise as a result of conflicting vital national interests of partners in an alliance that create serious constraints in effectively practicing the management of the same with the Pakistan-US alliance post 9/11 as a case study. Although the incidents of 9/11brought Pakistan and the US into the fold of yet another military alliance where Pakistan remained a front line ally of the US in the war on terror but there seemed to be a fundamental difference in the way the two countries viewed their alliance relationship. This research, therefore, is primarily concerned with the gaps that may occur at the management stage of an alliance between what is promised and what is actually delivered by the partners in a security alliance in a situation where tiers of national interests of partners in a bilateral alliance setting are involved. It is suggested that the idea of “expectation-delivery gap” in the backdrop of conflicting national interests provides a number of insights into the complex nature of modern security alliances without which the management of the same may not be effective. At the conceptual level, a conceptual framework – the Alliance Interest Management (AIM) framework – is developed based on various concepts including the newly-developed concept called the “Role Dilemma” to serve as a guide for the analyst to comprehensively go about studying different areas vital to the understanding of issues involved in the management of an alliance within the parameters of attempts to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on alliance scholarship for better management of alliance relationships. At the methodological level, this research seeks to import the concepts of “strategic gap analysis” from the organizational studies and the life-cycle approach which are built into the AIM Framework and explores their implications for helping scholars and statesmen understand the gaps between the alliance formation and the actual practice of alliance management in their foreign policy endeavors. At the empirical level, the AIM framework was used to collect data by conducting In-depth Interviews (IDIs) with members of policy community, think tanks and academia. The Pak-US alliance is mainly considered an ‘Uneven Alliance’ because of having different and clashing alliance interests. The US objective was to eliminate Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan but its strategic shift to eliminating Taliban, one of the strategic interests of Pakistan, and other militant groups in Pakistan’s territory disturbed the harmony of the alliance. The expansion of the alliance scope from counterterrorism to counterinsurgency became the stumbling block for Pakistan because of its military’s lack of capacity, competency and experience to handle and manage an unfamiliar terrain. The expansion of alliance scope resulted in a clash of interests as well between the two countries where the US kept insisting on the ‘do more’ mantra while Pakistan was not willing to pursue the ever-expanding alliance objectives with the new US demands and expectations from Pakistan in areas which involved its vital national interests. Moreover, joining the alliance as a convenience/compulsion, not having the common adversary as alliance partners, the absence of institutionalized alliance governance structures and written alliance agreement, the expansion of alliance objectives (scope) together with a host of other issues paved the way for the expectation-delivery strategic gap/s which erupted into non-cooperation, discordance and a lack of coherence in the alliance. The alliance between the US and Pakistan suffered from these ailments. Both the countries entered the alliance with different sets of skills, competencies and expectations due to which they estimated and measured net-gains and values of alliance differently. Problems arose when partners’ expectations differed from each other and they were perceived to be unrealistic. This generated different levels of commitment to alliance relationship.
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چلے چلو کہ منزل ابھی نہیں آئی

چلے چلو کہ منزل ابھی نہیں آئی
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو! آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع مل رہا ہے وہ ہے:’’چلے چلو کہ منزل ابھی نہیں آئی ‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
منزل کے حصول کے لیے جدوجہد ہر ذی روح کی خواہش رہی ہے، ہر کس و ناکس اس کے لئے کدوکاوش کرتا ہے، اس کی زندگی کا ہر لمحہ حصولِ منزل کے لئے وقف ہوتا ہے، ہمہ قسم لوگ شبانہ روز اس مقصد کے حصول کی خاطر کوشاں رہتے ہیں ، حصول منزل میں ہر آنے والی رکاوٹوں کو ختم کرنے کے درپے ہوتے ہیں، اور پھر یونہی ان کے لمحاتِ زیست گزرتے رہتے ہیں۔
جنابِ صدر!
حشرات الارض سے لے کر انسان تک ہر ایک اپنی منزل کی طرف گامزن ہے، ہر ایک کی اپنی ایک منزل ہے، مورومگس کی منزل اور ہے، گل لالہ کی منزل اور ہے، جوئے نغمہ خواں کی منزل اور ہے، حر یرو پر نیاں کی منزل اور ہے، زمین پر رینگنے والی مخلوق کی منزل اور ہے، گل لالہ کے گردبھنبھنانے والی شہد کی مکھی کی منزل اور ہے، غلاظت پر چکر لگانے والی مکھی کی منزل اور ہے۔
صدرِ محترم!
گلستان میں عندلیب خوش الحان کی منزل اور ہے، برگد کے درخت پر موجود بوم کی منزل اور ہے، آبادی میں شجر سایہ دار کی منزل اور ہے، ویرانے میں خشک تنے والے درخت کی منزل اور ہے، فضاء میں محو پرواز عقاب وشاہین کی منزل اور ہے ،مُردار کے گرد چکر لگانے والی گدھ کی منزل اور ہے۔
پرواز ہے دونوں کی اسی ایک فضا میں
کرگس کا جہاں اور ہے شاہیں کا جہاں اور
جنابِ صدر!

قرآن كا سات حروف پر نازل ہونا

According to Hadith literature, the Quran is revealed in seven Ahruf, the plural of harf. Ahruf are distinct from Qira'at. This is a very momentous and lengthy topic, indeed, one of the most complicated discussions on the sciences of the Qur’an. It is very difficult to discuss it in full details in this work but the important things about it are being presented in this article. The first problem we face with this Hadith is what is meant by the Revelation of Qur’an on Seven “Ahruf”? We find a great deal of difference of opinion on this subject. Up to thirty five different views have been quoted by Ibn al-‘Arabi and others. Some of the popular views are quoted in this article. The context of these narrations indicates clearly that the word ‘seven’ does not denote an unspecified large number but it denotes the specific numerical value ‘seven’. Hence, in the light of these narrations this view (that seven means more than that) does not hold good and the majority of scholars reject it. In the vast collections of Hadiths, we do not find any mention of difference in the Qur’an other than that accounted for in “ahruf”. How then may we explain differences in reading and “ahruf”? I have not been able to find a satisfactory answer to this confusion with the advocates of this theory.

Design, Modification and Performance Evaluation of Indigenous Sugarcane Harvester

Pakistan being an agricultural country is thriving day by day to improve agriculture sector but still majority of farmers are not comfortable with the existing agriculture machines available in the market. Among crops being grown, sugarcane has significant value for local sugar industry as well as to export quality sugar. Unfortunately, in Pakistan the major harvesting of sugarcane is carried out manually involving huge amount of female labour. However, few farmers have tried to adopt imported sugarcane harvesters but due to variation in cropping patterns and varieties a lot of issues are faced during sugarcane harvesting. Therefore, the farmers are emphasizing for the modification and indigenization of sugarcane harvester for better sugarcane recovery. Thus, keeping in mind the above issues a study was carried out for the design modification and performance evaluation of indigenous sugarcane harvester. After the development of the machine, different experiments were performed in terms of machine forward speed, field capacity, field efficiency and crop yield.Findings revealed that forward speed was found directly linked with gear and rpm. Maximum power consumption of 17.564 hp (13.10 kW) was recorded with 0.522 m radius of base cutter at its 2250 rpm. Comparatively lowest value 12.876 hp (9.60 kW) was observed at 2026 rpm of cutter. Sugarcane harvester forward speed, theoretical field capacity and effective material capacity was maximum (5.22 km/hr, 0.53 ha/hr, and 15.52 ton/hr) at gear (G3) respectively while effective time required for harvesting was minimum 1.84 hr at gear (G1) with engine rpm 2000 and working width 1.02 m. Sugarcane harvester field efficiency was maximum (75.10%) at gear (G1) with engine rpm 1800 for working width 1.02 m.