Home > Perceived Leadership Styles and Employee Engagement: Moderating Role of Psychological Empowerment. an Empirical Study on Retail Store Employees in Pakistan
Perceived Leadership Styles and Employee Engagement: Moderating Role of Psychological Empowerment. an Empirical Study on Retail Store Employees in Pakistan
Retail is the third largest sector of Pakistan after agriculture and industry, contributing 18% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). From the last few years, retail sector in Pakistan is witnessing exponential growth where local brands are expanding their foot prints and international brands are penetrating with larger scale. With these industry dynamics, it is very crucial for the organizational leaders to engage and retain right employees as it effects customer services, work environment and ultimately financial results of the business. This study investigated the relationship between perceived leadership style and employee engagement. The study also investigated the relationship between perceived leadership styles and behavioral outcomes of employee engagement. The study further investigated the moderating effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship between leadership styles and employee engagement. Survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 429 employees working in retail organizations. For data analysis, researcher used statistical software SPSS 22 to conduct descriptive analysis, analysis of variance, correlation and reliability analysis and AMOS 24 to conduct normality, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. The findings of the study in the socio-cultural context of Pakistan concluded that classical leadership style is negatively associated with employee engagement. However, transactional leadership style, visionary leadership style, and organic leadership style have positive relationship with employee engagement. The research also concluded that there is an inverse relationship between classical leadership style and behavioral outcomes ‘say’, ‘stay’ and ‘strive’ of employee engagement. Also, there is positive ii relationship between transactional leadership style, visionary leadership styles, organic leadership style and behavioral outcomes say, stay and strive of employee engagement. The study further concluded that psychological empowerment does not moderate the relationship between classical leadership style and employee engagement. It is also elucidated that psychological empowerment does not moderate the relationship between transactional leadership style and employee engagement. However, psychological empowerment restraints the positive relationship between visionary leadership style and employee engagement. Also, psychological empowerment restraints the positive relationship between organic leadership style and employee engagement. This study has theoretical as well as practical implications. This study is unique in Asian context; specially in the socio-cultural context of Pakistan. This study has significant contribution in retail sector as Pakistan has world’s fastest growing retail sector. This study has contributed in the theory by broadening the known understanding of leader member exchange theory in Asian context and in retail sector. This study has significant contribution for the industry practitioners as outcomes of this study are useful in leadership development strategies. This study has unique contribution as it has espoused Avery’s leadership paradigm which is rarely investigated in relationship with employee engagement and behavioral outcomes of employee engagement.
آہ! مولانا ضیاء الدین اصلاحی ؒ دارالمصنفین کے ناظم اور معارف کے مدیر جناب مولانا ضیاء الدین اصلاحی ۲؍ فروری ۲۰۰۸ء کی صبح کو اپنے خالق حقیقی کے حضور پہنچ کر اس کی رحمت سے جاملے لیکن اپنے پیچھے دارالمصنفین کے ہر فرد بلکہ در و دیوار کو روتا، بلکتا چھوڑ گئے، شبلی و سلیمان کا یہ گلشن ویرانی کی تصویر بن گیا، اس جہاں علم و دانش کی روح بھی جیسے ان کی موت کے ساتھ رخصت ہوگئی اور سچ یہ ہے کہ علامہ شبلیؒ، مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ، مولانا شاہ معین الدین ندویؒ اور سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمانؒ کی قابل فخر روایات کی مسند اور بزم جس شمع سے روشن تھی، ایک حادثے نے اس کو گل کردیا، اِنا ﷲ وَاِنا اِلیہ رَاجِعونْ۔ مولانا اصلاحی ۳؍ جنوری کو سفر حج سے واپس آئے تھے اور بالکل چاق چوبند اور صحت مند تھے، یکم فروری کو وہ اپنی اہلیہ کے ہمراہ ایک عزیز سے ملنے کے لئے سرائے میر کے قریب موضع کھریواں کے لئے قریب ساڑھے نو بجے صبح روانہ ہوئے، جمعہ کا دن تھا، خطبہ اور نماز پڑھانے کے لئے مجھے تاکید فرمائی، عین نماز جمعہ سے پہلے یہ خبر ملی کہ ان کی جیپ حادثہ کا شکار ہوگئی ہے اور وہ صدر اسپتال میں زخمی حالت میں لائے گئے ہیں، نماز کے فوراً بعد ان کے تمام متعلقین اسپتال پہنچے، وہ سراپا زخمی تھے، ان کی اہلیہ بھی زخمی تھیں، لیکن ہوش میں تھیں، مشورے کے بعد وہ ایک مقامی سرجن ڈاکٹر فرقان کے ہسپتال میں لائے گئے، خون بہت زیادہ نکل چکا تھا، خون دیا گیا اور پھر مناسب سمجھا گیا کہ ان کو فوراً بنارس کے بی ایچ یو ہسپتال میں منتقل کیا جائے، وہاں کچھ ضروری ٹسٹ ہوئے، دوائیں بھی دی گئیں لیکن افاقے کے آثار نہیں تھے، صبح کا...
Library research is a data collection technique through the library in the form of literature books, and lecture materials that are relevant to the problem under study. In this study, the authors used the following data collection methods Research library (library research) It is a data collection technique through the library in the form of literature books, and lecture materials that are relevant to the problem under study. Field research (field research) is direct retrieval of the object under study by taking the following steps Observation, namely data collection through direct observation of the object under study, Interviews, namely conducting interviews with leaders and parties interested in the object of research.
Community plays an important role for the improvement of education through its involvement in the schools. They support teachers to resolve their problems and encourage their children to get quality education. Community/parental involvement declare that when parents become committed and involved in the schools, academic achievement and school satisfaction increases. This study aimed to explore the causes of lack of community participation in the schools for the improvement of education to its children. This study was conducted in the Public Sector schools in the rural context of Chilas Diamer District of Gilgit-Baltistan. I applied qualitative paradigm using exploratory case study for this study. In order to know the causes of lack of community participation, one Head teacher, SMC Chairman, Religious leader, one Parent, SMC member and one Teacher were selected as research participants. I used electronic device for data and each participant was interviewed which lasted more than 35 minutes. All interviews were conducted in comfortable zone and before recording they were given consent form for putting their signature. After that, all interviews were transcribed and some common themes were identified which were barrier to community involvement in the school for quality education to its children. The findings show that community of the area is illiterate and does not know its role in the school. Moreover, due to poor economic condition, lack of awareness, motivation, conflicts/confusion among teachers and community members, impact of culture, environmental problem, contextual problems and societal problems that influence lack of community participation in the schools for quality education for its children.