Home > Personality and Psychological Contracts: Mediating Roles of Epistemic Curiosity and Rule-Following Behavior With Moderating Role of Uncertainity Avoidance
Personality and Psychological Contracts: Mediating Roles of Epistemic Curiosity and Rule-Following Behavior With Moderating Role of Uncertainity Avoidance
This study evaluates what and how personality traits (Big Five) of employees form their psychological contracts with respective employers. Therefore, apart from testing the direct relations between personality traits of employees and their psychological contracts towards employers, the present study investigates the ex planatory mechanisms (epistemic curiosity & rule-following behavior) between the Big Five personality traits and dimensions of psychological contracts, which in cludes transactional, relational, balanced and ideological contracts. In addition, the moderating role of individual level uncertainty avoidance is also examined in the relations between personality traits and explanatory mechanisms i.e. epistemic curiosity and rule-following behavior. Trait activation theory provides overarch ing theoretical framework for this study and norms of reciprocity offer additional support. Time-lagged data in three time-lags were collected from 469 respondents employed in various public and private sector organizations across Pakistan. Results indicate that Openness to Experience positively relates to transactional, balanced and ideological contracts and negative relates to relational contracts. Conscientiousness positively relates to transactional contracts and negatively re lates with relational, balanced and ideological contracts. The other personality dimension Extraversion positively relates to relational contracts and ideological contracts whereas it negatively relates to transactional contracts. Similarly, Agree ableness is found positively related with relational contracts and negatively with transactional and ideological contracts. Finally, Neuroticism negatively relates with all types of psychological contracts. Regarding explanatory paths, epistemic curiosity and rule-following behavior ex plain the relations between specific personality traits and psychological contracts as epistemic curiosity explains the relations between Openness to Experience, Con scientiousness and Extraversion and psychological contract types. While in case of rule-following behavior, majority of the hypotheses stand accepted, except for balanced contracts. In case of moderation, the results show that uncertainty avoid ance weakens relationship between Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness and x Extraversion and epistemic curiosity. The results regarding moderating role of uncertainty avoidance in the relations between Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism and rule-following behavior could only be partially claimed due to the fact that uncertainty avoidance was not found affecting the relation between Con scientiousness and rule-following behavior. Overall directions of buffering effects were somehow mixed as compared to expectations. These results have theoretical as well as practical significance. The study makes theoretical contribution in psychological contracts body of knowledge by adding two new explanatory mechanisms to elucidate the reasons why people with certain personality traits form different types of psychological contracts and what affect individual level uncertainty avoidance has on these relations. The practitioners can also benefit from these finding as they can ensure better expectations management and personality-job fit.
مولاناحکیم زماں حسینی افسوس ہے کہ ۲۳؍ دسمبر کو کلکتہ کے مشہور و باوقار عالم مولانا حکیم زماں حسینی وفات پاگئے۔ اناﷲ و اناالیہ راجعون۔ وہ علم و عمل میں پختگی و استقامت، زہد و اتقاء میانہ روی اور ذاتی وجاہت کی بناء پر کلکتہ کے علمی و دینی حلقوں میں بہت مقبول تھے، ان کا تعلق کلکتہ سے تھا مگر اپنی علمی و دینی وجاہت متوازن شخصیت، پاکیزہ سیرت، اصابتِ رائے اور معاملہ فہمی کی وجہ سے پورے ملک میں باوزن اور قابل اعتماد سمجھے جاتے تھے۔ ان کے دل میں قوم و ملت کا درد تھا، اس لیے مسلمانوں کی موجودہ تباہی اور زبوں حالی سے بہت بے چین رہتے تھے، کلکتہ کے علمی و تعلیمی اداروں کے علاوہ وہ ہندوستان کے بھی ممتاز دینی و تعلیمی اداروں اور قومی و ملی تنظیموں سے وابستہ تھے۔ دارالعلوم ندوۃالعلماء لکھنو اور دارالعلوم دیو بند جیسے عالمگیر شہرت کے حامل اداروں کے عرصے سے اہم رکن تھے اور ان کے جلسوں میں پابندی سے شریک ہوتے تھے۔ امارت شرعیہ بہار واڑیسہ اور آل انڈیا مسلم پرسنل لابورڈ کے بھی سرگرم ممبر تھے۔ دارالمصنفین سے مخلصانہ تعلق رکھتے تھے، ہم لوگوں میں سے کوئی اگر کلکتہ پہنچ جاتا تو بہت خوش ہوتے اور لطف و مدارات سے پیش آتے۔ مولانا سید حسین احمد مدنی ؒکے ارشد تلاندہ میں تھے، ان سے غیر معمولی عقیدت ہی کی بنا پر اپنے نام کے ساتھ حسینی لکھتے تھے، دینی علوم میں اچھی دستگاہ تھی، فن تفسیر سے زیادہ مناسبت تھی، مفسر قرآن کہلاتے تھے، قدرت نے حسن بیان اور تاثیر کی نعمت بخشی تھی، ان کے درس قرآن کی شہرت تھی، برسوں کولوٹولہ کی مسجد میں قرآن پاک کی تفسیر بیان کی، روزنامہ آزاد ہند کے ہفت وار ایڈیشن میں ان کی تفسیر برابر شایع ہوتی تھی۔ ان کو حکمت و...
The present study investigates how English language learning interacts with the gender identities and roles of female learners at the University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Who learns what and how, is influenced by the learners’ gendered and sexualized identities (Pavlenko, 2004). Language learners have to navigate power relations within the classroom and their specific communities and develop understanding of their limitations and opportunities within these communities. Institutional practices and gender ideologies inhibit their access to networks which in turn affect their linguistic output and interactional opportunities. Within Interpretive epistemological framework eight female learners of final year (fourth year) Linguistics studying at IELL were interviewed and observed twice during one year to gather data for the present study. From the data it appeared that Pakistani females’ access to linguistic resources is mediated by cultural norms and societal expectations. Throughout their academic journeys the learners’ agency remained active due to which they were able to invest in their ESL learning and challenge socially imposed identities on them.
One of the most common places for the development and spread of bacterial resistance are hospitals. These bacteria are present on the inanimate objects and therefore can be a possible cause of cross infections. This cross infection can rise the disease and death rates, which results in increasing costs of healthcare, prolonged hospital stays and requires further expensive medications. Therefore, the current study was aimed at determining the prevalence of these resistant bacteria, their antibiogram pattern, presence of resistant gene(s) and molecular docking studies. In our study the most common bacteria among Gram-positive was Staphylococcus aureus (81%) while in Gram-negative Citro bacter (25%) showed the highest growth followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23%), Provedencia spp (16%), Proteus spp and E.coli (10%), Klebsiella spp (6%), Shigella and Serratia spp (4%) and Salmonella spp (2%). The most potent antibiotic against S. aureus and Citrobacter was Vancomycin (80% sensitive) and Amikacin (63.04%), respectively. The β-lactamase TEM and Metallo- β-lactamase NDM were most common among the Extended-β-lactamase (ESBLs) and Metalo-β-lactamase (MBLs) genes. For β-lactamase TEM, Metallo-β-lactamase and other β-lactamase proteins, numerous classes of inhibitors have been reported in the literature. These proteins revealed to be involved in providing resistance to certain antibiotics, thus, the inhibition of these proteins is vital for achieving the optimum treatment. In the current work, In-silico methods were used for the discovery of novel and potent inhibitors for these proteins. On the basis of ligands attached in the three-dimensional proteins structures, Complex-based pharmacophore models were generated for screening the drug like ZINC database. Before screening, the generated pharmacophore models were validated on a test database of active and non-active compounds. From the result Abstract xxvi | P a g e of virtual-screening, 571 structurally varied compounds from Ethyl Boronic Acid, 866 from L-Captopril and 1020 from Nacubactam were saved. The initial retrieved hits were selected for cleaning via Lipinski’s rule of five to calculate the drug-like properties. The compounds which attained the standards of drug-like properties were additionally evaluated by the docking simulations. Final concluding 30 compounds (10 for each of the selected protein) producing varied structure and the modes of binding in the active pocket of the designated proteins were concluded as new and important inhibitors. Each identified inhibitor has diverse frameworks and possibility of novel and probable inhibitors for β-lactamase TEM, Metallo-β-lactamase and β lactamase.