The following research involves various literary works around Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz and Pakistani novelist Qurat-ul-Ain Haider’s well-known novels, which involves the numerous discourses around representation of women in their novels. Narrative depends on the human experience, and expresses the formation of life and this depends on the configuration of the people happened revolves around the characters, and ends up in the result of philosophical, social, political, and reflects the writer’s position. '''' The image of women mirror reflects the values and culture of the community to which she belongs. This thesis analyzes the image of the women in the literature of Naguib Mahfouz and Qurrat-ul-Ain Haider to make a Comparison between them. A close reading of the novels in discussion reveals a sharp difference between how male and female writers portray the women. Mahfouz failed to portray women in a more positive light than his predecessors, but he is accused of the perpetuation of patriarchy in his writing. Mahfouz’s personal milieu, as well as the broader social context in which he finds himself, has given careful consideration.Egyptian feminism and its impact on political and social reform with regards to women is one of the most important facets of Naguib’s novel. It is also considered whether the genre in which the novels of naguib Mahfouz have been written has a significant influence on the manner in which Mahfouz has represented his female characters. Mahfouz, who has always been considered a liberal, narrated realist novels during an era of intense social up heavel in Egypt, and his realism justice to the cause of Egyptian women.Qurrat-ul-Ain Haider is one of the most celebrated Urdu fiction writer. She portrays the women in the light of partition effects on immigrant women, who were also forced to become prostitutes because of circumstance. She made history with her epic novel Aag ka Darya (River of Fire) which was published from Lahore in ١٩٥٩. It is not only the greatest novel ever written in Urdu language but also the most controversial. Aag ka Darya proved to be just a major milestone in her writing career. Her literary growth never ceased. She went on to write one great novel and story after the other till her final years. Her major works include "Aakhir-e-Shab ke Humsafar” (a novel on the Nasality Movement and Bengal unrest), "Gardish-eRang-e-Chaman” ( a voluminous documentary novel on the post ١٨٥٧ tragedy befalling women of respectable families),"Chandni Begum"(a novel on the general social condition of Muslims forty years into Partition)and “Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Na Kijo", exploring gender injustice. "Kaar-e-Jahan Daraz hai"(a family saga). Both of writers have similarity in their life, writing and issues of women and have somedifferences between them. Naguib Mahfouz is known for his politicale activities and interests, but Qurrat-ul-Ain Haider had no intrest in politics and politicians. Naguib mentioned the women of different classes in his novels. Although he focused on women’s issues in his literary works, but he gave the prostitutes largest place in his productions. Qurrat-ul-Ain gave them right place in her novels and the heroins of her novels are courgeous, brave and consistent and do what they want. The characters of Naguib’s novels belong to the general classes of the society but Qurrat-ul-Ain discussed the upper and feudle class in her productions. She tried to highlight the positive aspects of these characters.
آہ! مولانا حمیدالدین الصلوٰۃ علیٰ ترجمان القرآن (مفسر قرآن کی نماز جنازہ) وہ صدا ہے جو آج سے ساڑے چھ سو برس پیشتر مصرو شام سے چین کی دیواروں تک ابن تیمیہ رحمۃ اﷲ علیہ کی نماز جنازہ کے لیے بلند ہوئی تھی، حق یہ ہے کہ یہ صدا آج پھر بلند ہو اور کم از کم ہندوستان سے مصر و شام تک پھیل جائے کہ اس عہد کا ابن تیمیہ ۱۱؍ نومبر ۱۹۳۰ء (۱۹؍ جمادی الثانیہ ۱۳۴۹ھ) کو اس دنیا سے رخصت ہوگیا، وہ جس کے فضل و کمال کی مثال آئندہ بظاہر حال عالم اسلامی میں پیدا ہونے کی توقع نہیں، جس کی مشرقی و مغربی جامعیت عہد حاضر کا معجزہ تھی، عربی کا فاضل یگانہ اور انگریزی کا گریجویٹ، زہد و ورع کی تصویر، فضل و کمال کا مجسمہ، فارسی کا بلبل شیراز، عربی کا سوقِ عکاظ، ایک شخصیت مفرد، لیکن ایک جہانِ دانش، ایک دنیا ئے معرفت! ایک کائنات علم! ایک گوشہ نشین مجمعِ کمال، ایک بینواسلطان ہنر، علوم ادبیہ کا یگانہ، علوم عربیہ کا خزانہ، علوم عقلیہ کا ناقد، علوم دینیہ کا ماہر، علوم القرآن کا واقف اسرار، قرآن پاک کا دانائے رموز، دنیا کی دولت سے بے نیاز، اہل دنیا سے مستغنی، انسانوں کے ردوقبول اور عالم کے داد و تحسین سے بے پروا، گوشہ علم کا معتکف اور اپنی دنیا کا آپ بادشاہ، وہ ہستی جو تیس برس کامل قرآن پاک اور صرف قرآن پاک کے فہم و تدبر اور درس و تعلیم میں محو، ہر شے سے بے گانہ، اور ہر شغل سے ناآشنا تھی، افسوس کہ ان کا علم ان کے سینہ سے سفینہ میں بہت کم منتقل ہوسکا، مسودات کا دفتر چھوڑا ہے، مگر افسوس کہ اس کے سمجھنے اور ربط و نظام دینے کا دماغ اب کہاں، جو چند رسالے چھپے وہ عربی میں ہیں، جن...
It is generally believed that the Constitution of 1973 was passed unanimously by the parliament of Pakistan and was equally acceptable for all the federating units. While studying the processes of the approval of the said constitution inside the assembly, it becomes evident that the reality was quite different. There exists an argument that most of the Opposition members were not allowed to join the parliament’s session while the final approval of the constitution was processed. The present paper is an effort to analyse the developments that took place inside the National Assembly to pass this document which was to serve as the fundamental document of the state system in forthcoming years. In other words, the present article analyses the course of action through which the Constitution was framed. This is an analytical study primarily based on the National Assembly debates supported by the secondary sources, biographies, and autobiographies of the contemporary politicians to understand how far the amendments suggested by the then opposition were accommodated by the ruling party. Furthermore, this paper analyses the reasons for which each government has to amend the basic structure of the constitution to make it more practical and acceptable for its units. For instance the Eighteenth Amendment removed the concurrent list of the constitution but now the following governments are facing issues to implement the Amendment in detail.
Antibacterial substances may be synthetic, semi-synthetic or derived from
natural materials. They were recognized as miracle drugs if they had strong
effectiveness against harmful microorganisms and were recovered suffering patients
as soon as possible. However, they become multiple resistant to pathogens if they
were used improperly. This multidrug resistant problem had become a major
challenge for global healthcare practitioners. The major cause of this problem was the
continuous spreading of drug resistant bacteria by different processes. So to overcome
such problems some new methods had been developed. These methodologies had
replaced conventional antibiotics to control the multiple drug resistance. Among these
technologies one of them is the green synthesis of cefditoren derived silver nano
particles (AgNPs). They were synthesized via a simple one-pot method after mixing
AgNO 3 and cefditoren in NaOH aqueous solution. These synthesized nanoparticles
were characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Fourier transform Infrared (FT-
IR) spectroscopy. Cefditoren and synthesized AgNPs solutions were tested against
three-gram positive bacterial species like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus
pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The data revealed that cefditoren showed little
inhibition against all tested bacterial species while cefditoren derived AgNPs showed
maximum activities against all these three bacteria. These activities were dose
dependent when compared to cefditoren. These findings could pave the way for
finding the changing behavior associated with other antibiotics after capping AgNPs
or other metal nano particles and may be used against other resistant strains.