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Picture of Women in the Novels of Naguib Mahfouz and Qurat-Ul-Haider

Thesis Info

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Author

Butt, Khawar Shaheen

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Arabic Languages & Literature

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11851/1/Khawar%20Shaheen%20Butt_Arabic_2018_UoPunjab_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724924899

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The following research involves various literary works around Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz and Pakistani novelist Qurat-ul-Ain Haider’s well-known novels, which involves the numerous discourses around representation of women in their novels. Narrative depends on the human experience, and expresses the formation of life and this depends on the configuration of the people happened revolves around the characters, and ends up in the result of philosophical, social, political, and reflects the writer’s position. '''' The image of women mirror reflects the values and culture of the community to which she belongs. This thesis analyzes the image of the women in the literature of Naguib Mahfouz and Qurrat-ul-Ain Haider to make a Comparison between them. A close reading of the novels in discussion reveals a sharp difference between how male and female writers portray the women. Mahfouz failed to portray women in a more positive light than his predecessors, but he is accused of the perpetuation of patriarchy in his writing. Mahfouz’s personal milieu, as well as the broader social context in which he finds himself, has given careful consideration.Egyptian feminism and its impact on political and social reform with regards to women is one of the most important facets of Naguib’s novel. It is also considered whether the genre in which the novels of naguib Mahfouz have been written has a significant influence on the manner in which Mahfouz has represented his female characters. Mahfouz, who has always been considered a liberal, narrated realist novels during an era of intense social up heavel in Egypt, and his realism justice to the cause of Egyptian women.Qurrat-ul-Ain Haider is one of the most celebrated Urdu fiction writer. She portrays the women in the light of partition effects on immigrant women, who were also forced to become prostitutes because of circumstance. She made history with her epic novel Aag ka Darya (River of Fire) which was published from Lahore in ١٩٥٩. It is not only the greatest novel ever written in Urdu language but also the most controversial. Aag ka Darya proved to be just a major milestone in her writing career. Her literary growth never ceased. She went on to write one great novel and story after the other till her final years. Her major works include "Aakhir-e-Shab ke Humsafar” (a novel on the Nasality Movement and Bengal unrest), "Gardish-eRang-e-Chaman” ( a voluminous documentary novel on the post ١٨٥٧ tragedy befalling women of respectable families),"Chandni Begum"(a novel on the general social condition of Muslims forty years into Partition)and “Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Na Kijo", exploring gender injustice. "Kaar-e-Jahan Daraz hai"(a family saga). Both of writers have similarity in their life, writing and issues of women and have somedifferences between them. Naguib Mahfouz is known for his politicale activities and interests, but Qurrat-ul-Ain Haider had no intrest in politics and politicians. Naguib mentioned the women of different classes in his novels. Although he focused on women’s issues in his literary works, but he gave the prostitutes largest place in his productions. Qurrat-ul-Ain gave them right place in her novels and the heroins of her novels are courgeous, brave and consistent and do what they want. The characters of Naguib’s novels belong to the general classes of the society but Qurrat-ul-Ain discussed the upper and feudle class in her productions. She tried to highlight the positive aspects of these characters.
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3 ۔حدِ سرقہ

3 ۔حدِ سرقہ
لغوی مفہوم
سرقہ سے مرادکسی چیز کو خفیہ طریقے سے لینا ،جیسا کہ ابن فارس سرقہ کے بارے میں لکھتے ہیں
السين والراء والقاف أصلٌ يدلُّ على أخْذ شيء في خفاء وسِتر. يقال سَرَقَ يَسْرق سَرِقَةً. والمسروق سَرَقٌ. واستَرَقَ السَّمع، إذا تسمَّع مختفياً. ومما شذَّ عن هذا الباب السَّرَق: جمعَ سَرَقة، وهي القطعة من الحرير۔105
مادہ " سَرَقَ " ہے اس کا معنی ہے کسی چیز کو خفیہ طریقے سے لینا جیسے کہا جاتا ہے سَرَقَ يَسْرق سَرِقَةً. والمسروق سَرَقٌ اور واستَرَقَ السَّمع کا معنی ہے کسی بات کو چھپ کر سننا اور اس کی جمع سرقہ ہے اور یہ ریشم کے ٹکڑے کو بھی کہتے ہیں۔
سرقہ مال چوری کرنے کو کہتے ہیں ابن منظور افریقی کے بقول
قالوا سَرَقَهُ مالاً وفي المثل سُرِقَ السارقُ فانتحَر والسَّرَق مصدر فعل السارق تقول بَرِئْتُ إليك من الإباق والسَّرَق في بيع العبد ورجل سارِق من قوم سَرَقةٍ ۔ 106
"کہتے ہیں کہ اس کا مال چوری کیا اور ضرب المثل ہے چور کا پیچھا کیا گیا وہ بھاگ گیا السرق سارق کا مصدر ہے جیسے تو غلام کو بیچنے میں کہے کہ میں اس کے بھاگنے اور چوری کرنے میں بری ہوں اور رجل سارق چور قوم کے کسی فرد کو کہتے ہیں ۔ "
اصطلاحی مفہوم
امام راغب اصفہانی کے نزدیک سرقہ کی اصطلاحی تعریف یہ ہے
"السرقۃاخذ ما لیس لہاخذہفی خفاءِ وصار فی ذلک فی الشرع لتناول الشی ء من موضع مخصوص وقدرمخصوص۔" 107
"کسی چیز کو دوسرے سے خفیہ طور پر اور چھپا کر لے لینا اور اس کے بارے میں کہا جاتا ہے کسی چیز کو محفوظ جگہ سے مخصوص مقدار میں خفیہ طور پر لینا۔ "
چوری کی حرمت
اسلامی تعلیمات میں جس طرح ایک انسانی جان قیمتی سمجھی جاتی ہے ، اسی طرح اس کا مال...

Social Framework Analysis Through Oedipus Complex in Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers

Sons and Lovers has always been posing problems for the teachers, during classroom critical discussions on the novel on account of its undue association with Freud’s concept of Oedipus complex and his focus on sexual instincts. Readers are forcibly led to the conclusion that there is convincing evidence of unconscious sexual attraction between Gertrude (the mother) and William and Paul (her sons) throughout the novel. The novel basically focuses on the individual’s mental and behavioral struggle to locate his own place in the social setup in pursuit of his dignity. An open-minded close examination of the novel makes one realize that it hardly deserves to be labelled as an illustration of Freud’s theory of Oedipus complex. Paul’s struggle for recognition and acceptance in the society is the central theme of the novel, which puts him in trying conditions and relations and leaves him struggling to adjust his place in quest of self-esteem and recognition. The more he tries to get satisfaction, the more he becomes disillusioned. Consequently, dissatisfaction leads him to interact with different people and he experiences maladjustment. The object of this paper is to analyze Paul’s relations with other main characters in the novel in order to diagnose the cause of his discontentment in his relations with them. An attempt has been made to view his predicament in the light of psychological and social cross-currents that pervade his behavior through-out the novel, Paul finds intellectual harmony with Miriam as her feelings match with those of his. Like Paul, she also wants to achieve something great. A cleavage occurs in their relationship when Miriam shows her reluctance to fulfil his carnal desires, as being unethical and contrary to her spiritual ideals. Paul’s sensual desires are fulfilled by Clara, a woman promising physical satisfaction but devoid of aesthetic sensibilities, which again compel him to turn to some new destinations. A thorough analysis of the novel Sons and Lovers clearly reveals that there is very little influence of Oedipus complex, while there is a strong chemical bond and natural affection between the mother and son which is a natural human instinct. Paul finds solace in the company of Gertrude simply on account of natural reasons and not for any amoral urge like Oedipus complex.

Expression and Transformation Studies of Antifreeze Protein Gene of Carrot in Potato

The Antifreeze protein gene (1.022Kb) from local of D.carrota cultivar T29 was amplified from four weeks old seedling leave tissue genomic DNA. The PCR amplified gene was cloned in TA-Cloning vector pCR2.1. The cloned DcAFP gene was then sequenced, the DNA BLAST homology with wild carrot AFP was 96.1%. The 999bp gene of DcAFP from T29 cultivar was translated into amino acid sequence, the translated amino acid sequence when aligned with wild carrot AFP gene of amino acid sequence. The gene has 13 amino acid variability. The Asparagine amino acid residues which play an important role as an ice interacting/ice binding sites were intact as in wild species of carrot amino acid sequence, but extra three Asparagine amino acid were noted in 332 amino acid gene sequence as in the case of DcAFP (T29). The 944bp DNA sequence that code the mature peptide of DcAFP was cloned in pET15b E.coli expression vector. The IPTG induced 36kDa protein detected from the BL21 expression host transformed with expression plasmid. The 36kDa recombinant protein inclusion refolded and purified for polyclonal antibody production. Purified IgG of DcAFP was used in western blot, protein dot blot and ELISA analysis of transgenic potato lines. The 999bp full length gene was ligated in pCAMBIA-1301 without selection marker. Plant expression construct pCAMBIA1301hph - DcAFP (T29) was transformed in Agrobacterium host strain LBA4404. Agrobacterium with pCAMBIA construct was transformed in potato nodal explant. The transgenic plant first selected by PCR, DNA dot blot and GUS reporter assay. Stable integration confirmed by southern blot analysis. The DcAFP mRNA detected by Northern blotting after cold induction of transgenic potato plants. DcAFP protein detected by protein dot blot and western blotting methodologies. The sandwich ELISA was successfully done for expressed protein estimation in transgenic potato lines. The stable potato transgenic lines were tested with ILA (Ion Leakage Assay), which results are significant when compared with the control plants. It was noted that due to DcAFP protein expression in transgenic potato lines demonstrating that transgenic plants are tolerating the frost temperature.