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Plant Bacteria Synergistic Strategy for Remediation of Contaminated River Water Through Floating Treatment Wetland System

Thesis Info

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Author

Shahid, Munazzam Jawad

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Environmental Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11550/1/Munazzam%20Jawad%20Shahid%20Envir%20Sci%202019%20gcu%20fslbd%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724924904

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Floating treatment wetland (FTW), an innovative approach, offers a practical solution for treatment of polluted river water. Floating wetlands perform as a hydroponic system composed of growing medium for emergent vegetation and their associated microbes which remove nutrients and pollutants from the polluted water. The core objective of this study was to explore the potential of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) augmented with pollutant degrading bacteria for remediation of heavy contaminated river’s water at microcosm scale. The analysis of water samples collected from River Ravi, Lahore, Pakistan revealed that the river is polluted with organic and inorganic pollutants. Four macrophytes; Brachia mutica, Typha domingensis, Phragmites australis and Leptochola fusca were selected to develop FTWs and were inoculated with the bacteria having pollutants degrading and plant growth-promoting activities. The developed FTWs system efficiently removed both organic and inorganic pollutants from the water and bacterial inoculation further improved the efficacy of the developed system. Between Typha domingensis and Leptochola fusca, inoculated with three different rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains, the performance of T. domingensis was significantly better than L. fusca. Between Phragmites australis and Brachia mutica, inoculated with consortium of five rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains,the performance of P. australis was better than B. mutica with and without bacteria. The FTWs system also showed potential to remove potentially toxic metals, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Cr, from the water and their metals removal efficacy was increased by the addition of microbes. The bacterial augmented treatments showed high biomass production than non-bacterial augmented treatments. Inoculated bacterial strains were found increasing in root and shoot of inoculated macrophytes.
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کیوں رشک سے نہ دیکھیں شاعر زباں گری کے

کیوں رشک سے نہ دیکھیں شاعر زباں گری کے
اترے ہیں مجھ پہ مصرعے کچھ بھرتری ہری کے

بس اک نگہ سے اس کی، ہیں محوِ رقص بادل
اُس آنکھ میں تھے ساون جادوئے سامری کے

کچھ یوں ہَوا ہوئی ہے عجز و نیاز مندی
جلوے سما گئے ہیں مجھ میں بھی خود سری کے

یہ چھوڑ بیٹھا کعبہ ، وہ دَیر سے گیا ہے
اُس کی گلی کے منظر آئنے کافری کے

چھیڑو غزل کچھ ایسی جو دل کے تار چھیڑے
مطلوب ہیں فضاؔ کو قصے جو دلبری کے

Peran Guru Dalam Membentuk Karakter Siswa Di SMA Swasta Katolik Bintang Laut

Saat ini dalam dunia pendidikan khususnya dalam bidang karakter yang dimiliki oleh siswa, seringkali siswa melalaikan karakter yang harusnya siswa tanamkan dalam dirinya. Dalam menyikapi hal tersebut maka peranan guru sangat penting didalamnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan guru dalam membentuk karakter siswa di SMAS Katolik Bintang Laut, bagaimana profesionalisme guru dan budaya sekolah dapat berpengaruh dalam membentuk karakter siswa. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah guru di SMAS Katolik Bintang Laut, sampel 5 orang Guru sebagai responden dan 5 orang siswa sebagai informan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah melalui tahap observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang dilakukan melalui tiga alur kegiatan (1) Reduksi data, (2) Penyajian data, (3) Penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil peneliti menunjukkan bahwa peranan guru sangat penting dalam membentuk karakter siswa di SMAS Katolik Bintang Laut, hampir semua guru profesional dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, memberikan contoh dan teladan yang baik, seperti datang tepat waktu, berpakaian rapi, bertanggungjawab atas apa yang sudah dipercayakan padanya, serta memberikan teguran dan sanksi bagi siswa yang melalaikan tanggung jawabnya, adapun budaya sekolah di SMAS Katolik Bintang Laut yaitu ada apel setiap pagi dengan bernyanyi dan berdoa bersama serta pembacaan renungan singkat, senam pagi setiap hari Jumat, dan misa awal bulan.

Sero-Survey of Equine Infectious Anemia, Glanders and Piroplasmosis in Five Draught Equine Populated Urban Areas of Punjab

A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted to check the seroprevalence of 3 reportable equine diseases viz., equine infectious anemia (EIA), glanders, and piroplasmosis in 5 draught equine populated urban areas (Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Multan and Bahawalpur) of Punjab. Assuming the expected prevalence to be 50 percent (unknown status) with confidence limits of 95% and a desired absolute precision of 5%, a total of 430 blood and sera (comprising 332 donkeys, 65 horses and 33 mules) along with relevant information were randomly collected. The samples were subjected to microscopic examination (thin and thick Giemsa stained smears), hematological analysis and commercial enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Sera were tested for EIA through ELISA (VMRD, Inc., USA), for glanders through rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBT) and a commercial competitive ELISA (cELISA, VMRD, Inc., USA) was used for piroplasmosis screening. Positive and negative samples were identified on the basis of degree of agglutination (++ to ++++ considered positive) in case of RBT and as per instructions of the manufacturer regarding ELISAs. Data thus generated was analyzed by using epidemiological software tools (EpiinfoTM, WINPEPI, Survey Toolbox and IBM SPSS). Results: Giemsa stained smears were negative for blood parasite. None of the samples was positive for EIA, indicating towards possible disease free status or failure of the disease to mount immune response in sampled equine population. Seroprevalence of glanders was found to be 7.9% (n=34) with highest prevalence in Lahore (11.6%) followed by Bahawalpur (10.3%), Multan (7.3%), Faisalabad (6.7%) and Gujranwala (5.3%). Significantly different (P<0.05) seroprevalence was recorded in horses (16.9%) than mules (12.1%) and donkeys (5.7%). Seroprevalence recorded in young (< 5 years), adult (< 10 years) and old (> 10 years) equines was 7.9%, 9.2% and 5.2% respectively. Prevalence was significantly different (P<0.05) in males 5.7% and female 12.59% equine. Multivariable analysis indicated that female equines (OR = 2.3, 95% CI= 1.16–4.77) and and those sharing water sources or access to communal water troughs (OR =2.7, 95% CI=0.93-7.86) were more likely to be sero-positive for glanders. Seroprevalence of piroplasmosis was found to be 52.5% (T. equi=41.2% and B. caballi=21.6%; P<0.05) in the selected areas. Forty four (10.2%) sera were found positive for both piroplasms (mixed infection). Significantly higher (P<0.05) seroprevalence was recorded in Lahore (95.6%, n=66) than Faisalabad (64%, n=96) than Multan (52.9%, n=36), Gujranwala (50.7%, n=38) and Bahawalpur (50%, n=34). Seroprevalence of piroplasmosis was 69.2% in horses (T. equi=56.9%, n=37; B. caballi=24.6%, n=16) followed by 63.6% in mules (T. equi 48.5%, n=16; B. caballi 30.3%, n=10) and 48.2% in donkeys (37.3%, n=124). Adjusted analysis for possible confounding factors revealed that equines living alone or with equine cohorts (OR=1.30, 95%CI=0.84–2.01), with ticks infested equine cohorts (OR=1.19, 95%CI=0.65-2.18) whose owners did not practice tick control (OR=1.43, 95%CI=0.93-2.21) were more likely to be sero-positive for piroplasmosis. Hematological alterations observed in RBT (glanders) positive equines regarding white blood cell counts, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit in all there RBT positive equine species. Macrocytic hyperchromic type of anemia was observed in all RBT positive horses, mules and donkeys. Hematological analysis of piroplasmosis positive equines indicated decreased white blood cell counts, red blood cell counts PCV and hemoglobin concentration values in seropositive horses, donkeys and mules. Erythrocytic indices pointed towards microcytic hyperchromic type of anemia in piroplasmosis sero-positive equines. In conclusion, the high RBT based prevalence of equine glanders indicates towards possible endemic nature of this disease in Pakistan. Potential role of communal water sources and faulty management in the spread of equine glanders requires further investigations through carefully designed experimental studies. Seroprevalence of piroplasmosis was alarmingly high in the selected population which could be attributed to the faulty housing, lack of tick control practiced by owners and lacuna regarding knowledge among animal health professionals about the correct diagnosis and treatment of T. equi and B. caballi.