Floating treatment wetland (FTW), an innovative approach, offers a practical solution for treatment of polluted river water. Floating wetlands perform as a hydroponic system composed of growing medium for emergent vegetation and their associated microbes which remove nutrients and pollutants from the polluted water. The core objective of this study was to explore the potential of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) augmented with pollutant degrading bacteria for remediation of heavy contaminated river’s water at microcosm scale. The analysis of water samples collected from River Ravi, Lahore, Pakistan revealed that the river is polluted with organic and inorganic pollutants. Four macrophytes; Brachia mutica, Typha domingensis, Phragmites australis and Leptochola fusca were selected to develop FTWs and were inoculated with the bacteria having pollutants degrading and plant growth-promoting activities. The developed FTWs system efficiently removed both organic and inorganic pollutants from the water and bacterial inoculation further improved the efficacy of the developed system. Between Typha domingensis and Leptochola fusca, inoculated with three different rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains, the performance of T. domingensis was significantly better than L. fusca. Between Phragmites australis and Brachia mutica, inoculated with consortium of five rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains,the performance of P. australis was better than B. mutica with and without bacteria. The FTWs system also showed potential to remove potentially toxic metals, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Cr, from the water and their metals removal efficacy was increased by the addition of microbes. The bacterial augmented treatments showed high biomass production than non-bacterial augmented treatments. Inoculated bacterial strains were found increasing in root and shoot of inoculated macrophytes.
اقبال فارسی پر زیادہ توجہ دیتے تھے۔ اردو کا پہلا مجموعہ کلام بانگ درا ہے جو 1924ء میں سامنے آیا۔ اقبال نے جتنی نظمیں انجمن حمایت اسلام کے جلسوں میں پڑھیں ، لاہور کے مشاعروں میں پڑھیں ان سب کو اکٹھا کیا گیا انہیں بانگ درا میں شامل کیا گیا ہے۔ جو کلام نہیں مل سکا یا جو کلام اقبال سے کاٹ دیا تھا وہ بھی اب متروک کلام اقبال کی شکل میں ہندوستان اور پاکستان میں کسی نہ کسی طرح دستیاب ہے۔ بانگ درا کو تین حصوں میں تقسیم کیا گیا ہے۔ پہلے حصے میں 1901ء سے 1905ء تک کا کلام شامل ہے ۔ دوسرے حصے میں یورپ کے قیام کا کلام 1905ء سے 1908 ء شامل ہے ۔ تیسرا دور 1908ء سے 1924 ء کی شاعری پر مشتمل ہے۔ اس کے بھی کئی ایڈیشن سامنے آئے ہیں۔ اقبال کی شاہ کار نظمیں تصویر درد، شکوہ، جواب شکوہ ، والدہ مرحومہ کی یاد میں ،شمع اور شاعر ، خضر راو اور طلوع اسلام اس مجموعہ کلام میں شامل ہیں ۔ بانگ درا کا دیبا چہ شیخ عبد القادر بیرسٹر ایٹ لا سابق مدیر "مخزن" نے لکھا۔
Today, the whole world is facing the dangerious issues of environmental pollution. There is a lot of piles of garbage, plastic bags and waste are found in common routes and streets, the use of bacterial and antiseptic chemicals, smoking as well as the excessives use of machinery causes the abundance of smoke and due to the noise of vehicles, rugs, motorcycles, factories and airplanes, our daily pollution is increasing daily. As a result, many problems including various types of illness and seasonal variations are becoming a major challenge for today's modern era. In order to deal with it, it is important for us to study and follow the instructions of the Prophet (PBUH). Prophet (PBUH) has taken important measures to protect environmental pollution. He has prescribed some precautionary measures to prevent the spreading of dirt in society and keeping the environment clean to avert the soil pollution. For the purpose of aviation of air pollution, the prophet has ordered to populate it with the livestock andplantation. To cope with water pollution, it was emphasized to keep water clean and cleaness of air from odor and dirt. In this modern era, prevention of environmental pollution without following these instructions is impossible. This article has invesitaged on prevention of enviromental pollution and cleanliness of enviroment in the light of Sīrah.
The present study aimed at collecting information about the research work done at Ph.D and M.Phil level in the disciplines of Social Sciences in Peshawar University. For this purpose a sample consisting of all the Social Scientists who have completed their research during 1970-98 from Peshawar University was selected. The instrument used consisted of a questionnaire and a proforma asking details of research work as well as problems and issues faced by the research scholars was administered. The data showed that in some departments sufficient research work has been carried out continuously in three decades (1970-98) at both levels. Few departments have not shown continuous as well as sufficient research work. The Social Scientists of Peshawar University faced many problems during their research. They were not provided with proper financial support, library, laboratory and conveyance facilities, secretarial assistance, typing and computer services. Recommendations have been made to compensate them in the future for research work.