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Policy Options for Post Conflict Rehabilitation in North Wazirstan

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Yousaf, Naveed

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Karachi

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Public Adminisration

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10798/1/Naveed%20Yousaf_Pub%20Admin_2019_UoK_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724925903

Similar


North Waziristan had historically been acting as a catalyst for geostrategic changes occurred in Afghanistan especially during the ‗Great Games‘. Following the period of relative calmness after Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan; the fateful incident of 11th September 2001 again pushed the agency into regional geostrategic wrangling. United States led military campaign in Afghanistan during 2002, triggered an unending chain of actions leading to a fresh cultural war and process of social disintegration in the area. The terrorists‘ infiltration in hideouts across North Waziristan; established during Afghan jihad (1979-1991), further complicated the sociopolitical matrix of the agency. The succeeding years witnessed an unprecedented wave of terrorism which destroyed the sociopolitical institutions and physical infrastructures in the area. The decade long miseries of locals ended when triumphant military operation ‗Zarb-e-Azb‘ obliterated the terrorists‘ hideouts from North Waziristan and set the stage for non-kinetic initiatives to revive and restore socioeconomic and politico-administrative institutions in the agency. Undertaking the research project in North Waziristan has never been a soft seafaring. Extremely conservative cultural values and inadequate accessibility make the task of amassing requisite data, contacting authentic stakeholders and recording of actual feelings exceedingly difficult. The research has been carried out while considering the said sociocultural ground realities and data collection limitations. The researcher‘s field experience of government service, operating knowledge and personal observations of the local environments have provided the needed expertise to accomplish this difficult task. The research used non-probability sampling design to collect relevant information needed to explore the causes of conflict and to suggest post conflict rehabilitation strategy. For this purpose, 503 respondents from various segments of Waziristan community living inside or outside the agency were approached by using close ended questionnaire through survey method. Using multiple regression analysis, the study found that there is a positive and significant relationship between the hypothesized relationships. This empirically evidence based on the conflict and rehabilitation theories verify the applicability of social engineering theory and system‘s thinking approach in the North Waziristan region. To sum-up the study concluded that rehabilitation framework based on perceptive planning and dynamic execution mechanism can optimally assist to revolutionize the socioeconomic fortune of the conflict ridden North Waziristan for a better and peaceful region with focus on human development. The research has also offered certain important policy recommendations for social, economic, political and institutional restoration in the post conflict environments of the North Waziristan.
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وہاں دشمن بھی ہوتے ہیں جہاں پر یار ہوتے ہیں

وہاں دشمن بھی ہوتے ہیں جہاں پر یار ہوتے ہیں
جہاں پہ پھول ہوتے ہیں ، وہیں پر خار ہوتے ہیں

پتہ اُن کا اگر چاہو مرے ہر زخم سے پوچھو
جدھر سے تیر آتا ہے وہیں سرکار ہوتے ہیں

مقدر میں جو سختی ہو تو ایسا ہو ہی جاتا ہے
وہی گھر لوٹ لیتے ہیں جو پہریدار ہوتے ہیں

میں افشا راز کر سکتا ہوں تیری بزم کے ظالم
کہ میں سب جانتا ہوں جو بھی کاروبار ہوتے ہیں

جہاں والوں کے دل میں ہم نے تائبؔ جی یہ دیکھا ہے
انھیں کی یاد ہوتی ہے جو باکردار ہوتے ہیں

The Risk of Developing Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Integrated Health Care System of Pakistan-A Meta-Analysis

Studies regarding the prevalence of CLABSIs in Pakistan are limited. However, it is known that healthcare-associated infections are a concern in many low- and middle-income countries, including Pakistan. The present study is aimed to identify the relative risk of developing CLABSIs in the hospital care setups of Pakistan. The risk of biases in included studies was assessed using Cochrane tool parameters. Analysis of results revealed a relative risk of getting CLABSIs is 1.78 (p<0.001) among patients admitted in the hospitals for greater than 72 hours. This shows that the chances of getting infected at the central line site were more than 50% among patients admitted to ICUs in Pakistan. It has been concluded that the relative risk of CLABSIs in the integrated healthcare system of Pakistan is high.   DOI: https: //doi. Org/10.59564/amrj/01.01/003  

Molecular Characterization of Gene Abca1 Associated With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus also known as hyperglycemia is a chronic metabolic disorder that is mainly characterized by a rise in the plasma glucose levels above the normal range, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. There are various subtypes of diabetes mellitus of which type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) previously also termed as non-insulin- dependent diabetes is the most prevalent form. World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 9% of the world population suffered from diabetes in 2014 of which 90% had type 2 DM (WHO, 2014).More alarming is the fact that by 2030, type 2 DM will be the 7th major cause of death worldwide. Both genetic and environmental factors result in type 2 DM.The prominent risk factors responsible for the disease include; obesity, excess body fat, high blood pressure, sedentary life style, age, poor dietary habits with high intake of sugar, smoking, high consumption of alcohol, socio-economic factors, ethnicity and stress. Mutations in the Adenosine Binding Cassette Transporter Proteins Subfamily A Member 1 (ABCA1) have been associated with abnormal lipid levels and certain variants have been linked with type 2 DM.The present study analyzed the association of ABCA1 rs2230808 gene polymorphism with type 2 DM patients in a local population. The study was carried on 94 subjects who were divided into 49 normal (control) and 45 type 2 DM patients. Genotyping of ABCA1 rs2230808 polymorphism was done through tetra- primers Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS- PCR) technique. The rs2230808 genotypes in the type 2 DM patients was found to be CC (53.33%), CT (31.11%) and TT (15.55%), while in the control group was found to be CC (46.93%), CT (38.77%) and TT (14.28%). The frequency of C and T allele in type 2 DM patients was observed 0.689 and 0.31 respectively, while the allele frequency of C and T allele in control group was found to be 0.663 and 0.337 respectively. The p-value for genotypes and allelic frequency was greater than 0.05. Hence, the results indicate no significant association of ABCA1 rs2230808 polymorphism with risk for type 2 DM was observed in our study group. Additionally, association of CACNA1C rs2239127 gene polymorphism with type 2 DM was also studied. The subjects were divided into 94 type 2 DM patients and 56 normal samples. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism technique was employed here. The rs2239127 genotypes in type 2 DM patients was observed as TT (54.25%), CT (34.04%) and CC(11.70%), while in control group it was found to be TT(53.57%), CT (37.5%) and CC (8.92%). The p-value for both genotype and allelic frequency was found to be greater than 0.05% which shows no significant association of rs2239127 polymorphism with type 2 DM in our study group.