مولانا سید شاہ رضوان اﷲ قادری مجیبی
افسوس ہے کہ خانقاہ مجیبیہ پھلواری شریف پٹنہ کے سجادہ نشین مولانا سید شاہ رضوان اﷲ قادری مجیبی ۳۱؍ دسمبر ۲۰۰۳ء کو وفات پاگئے، اِنا ﷲ وَاِنا اِلیہ رَاجِعونْ۔
ابھی عمر کی جس منزل میں وہ تھے، یہ جانے کے دن نہیں ہوتے لیکن مشیت الٰہی میں کس کا دخل؟ موت کا تو وقت مقرر ہے، فَاِذَا جَآءَ اجلُھُمْ لَا یستَأخِرُونْ سَاعۃ وَّلَا یستَقْدِمُوْنَ۔[الاعراف:۳۴]
خانقاہ مجیبیہ کا علمی و روحانی فیض مدت دراز سے جاری ہے، شاہ صاحب اس کی قدیم روایات اور اپنے عالی مقام اسلاف کی خصوصیات اور خوبیوں کے حامل تھے اور خود بھی ایک صاحب فیض عالم اور ذاکر و شاغل بزرگ تھے، ان کی ذات سے ہزاروں طالبین و سالکین فیض یاب ہورہے تھے مگر اب تزکیہ و اصلاح اور ارشاد کا یہ سرچشمہ بند ہوگیا۔
ان کو تقویٰ و اخلاص، صوم و صلوٰۃ کی پابندی، سادگی و درویشی اور خوش مزاجی و خوش خلقی ورثے میں ملی تھی، راقم کو دو تین بار ان کی خدمت میں حاضری اور ان کی پاکیزہ سیرت اور مطہر زندگی کے جلوے دیکھنے کا اتفاق ہوا، ہر بار نہایت خندہ پیشانی سے ملے اور لطف و کرم سے پیش آئے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کے درجات بلند کرے اور پس ماندگان کو صبر جمیل عطا کرے، آمین۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، فروری ۲۰۰۴ء)
Women employment is a practical issue of the modern age. It is adopted by almost all the nations and countries of the world. In the western countries rights of women including employment, trade, property, education etc were recognized after the efforts ofWomen Liberation Movement. However, in Islam these were declared their basic rights since the first day. A western woman is bound to earn her livelihood as it is not the duty ofa western man to provide her basic needs. However, in Islam a woman is legally protected for the provision of all her basic needs and it is the duty of her father, brother, husband and son to provide these to her. Islam permits a woman to do a job or carry out trade activities and earn money subject to some conditions. These may be carried out by the permission of her husband, father, etc. Besides employment, a woman should perform her obligations at her home and family, which is her basic duty. She must be careful about her husband and children rights. She must observe Hijab and abstain from mixing with non-mehram men and should follow other social teachings of Islam. Wealth earned by her is considered her property and she can spend it any way at her discretion. Study of Islamic History revealed that many of the wives of the prophet (Sallalla ho alaihe wassalam) and Sahabiyat (RA) carried out business activities and performed other jobs and thus earned money. They spent it to assist the Prophet's noble cause and to assist their husbands and to care their children. These activities were considered authorized and endorsed by the prophet (Sallalla ho alaihe wassalam)
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is most nutritionally and economically important crop in Pakistan and around the world. Early blight (EB) in one of tomato dreadful disease caused by fungal pathogen Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin, 1882) causes major yield losses. Prolonged humidity due to extensive rain and warm conditions during growing season of tomato make this disease unmanageable through sanitation, crop rotation, fungicide application etc. leaving cultivation of resistant varieties as the most appropriate control measure. This study focused mainly to screen phenotypic and molecular marker assisted R gene analogues against A. solani for EB in tomato • Initially twenty nine tomato germlines/varieties were evaluated for their resistance against A. solani by artificially inoculating 15-days old tomato seedlings grown in potted soil in green house. Among them, 8 germlines/varieties were grouped as resistant (RR), seven as moderately resistant (MR); six as moderately susceptible (MS) and eight as susceptible (SS) on the basis of percent disease index (PDI) and growth inhibition index (GII) at 30 DAI (days after inoculation) and 60 DAI. Physiological parameters i.e. total chlorophyll content and carotenoids decreased in all inoculated germlines/varieties with most significant reduction in moderately susceptible and susceptible germlines/varieties at both 30 DAI and 60 DAI. However, biochemical attributes i.e. total phenolics, total protein content and activities of antioxidant enzymes [(peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and catalase (CAT)] increased in all inoculated germlines/varieties with respect to corresponding control. Total phenolics, total protein content, POX, PPO and PAL activities were higher in susceptible than in resistant germlines/varieties. Whereas, activity of CAT was the highest in resistant and least in susceptible groups. • RAPD assay using 50 RAPD decamers reveled polymorphism with 32 decamers. The polymorphic pattern acquired by 32 RAPD decamers produced 181 loci (5.7 loci per primer), 157 were polymorphic (86%) and 24 were monomorphic (14%) in all 29 germlines/varieties. Marker A-04, A-10, B-05, L-15, L-17, M-04 and M-07 produced bands ranges from 500-1031 bp specifically in RR group and M-08 and M-10 generated loci (500-800 bp) exclusively in MR. Similarly, A-18, L-06, L-09, L-11, M-09 and OPJ- 10 produced bands from 200-1500 bp in MS and L-09 amplified the loci of 1200 bp only in completely SS. The cluster analysis revealed 60% homology among all germlines/varieties and segregated them into two major groups. Group I was further divided into 3 sub-groups including RR (575, Zeba, KHT-105, KHT-106-G, Advanta- 1206, Mishal, Namadar and Savana); MR (Advanta-1225, Baby red, Yaqoot, Maharaja, Commander, KHT-101 B and TO-1057) and MS (FMC-339, Shangrilla, Thorgal, Rio Grande, Roma and Surkhab). Group 2 comprised of SS germlines (AS-2565, Cluster- 809, GHT-1, Naqeeb, GHT-2, Mongal, Cluster-805 and Roshan). • Resistance gene analogues (RGAs) screening was conducted with 12 tomato germlines/varieties i.e. 4 from RR, 3 from MR, 3 from MS and 2 from SS categorized through PDI, GII and RAPD analysis. DNA of selected 12 germlines/varieties was amplified with 10 RGA primers pairs from conserved region of leucine-rich repeat (LRR), nucleotide binding site (NBS) and protein kinase (Ptokin) domains. Only 3 RGAs xv primer pairs i.e. PtoFen (S+AS), Ptokin (3+4) and Ptokin (1+2) successfully generated discrete PCR products ranges from 200-1100 bp. Primer pair PtoFen (S+AS) produced bands in all germlines/varieties, Band of 533 bp was amplified only in SS and in one variety (Roma) in MS, while band of 511 bp was amplified in the remaining germlines/varieties. The sequence of PtoFen RGAs’ from RR, MR and MS showed the maximum homology of 97-100% with serine/threonine protein kinase protein and had Pkc domain encoding region at 121 to 510 nucleotide. Primers Ptokin 3 and Ptokin 4 generated PCR product of ≃130 bp in SS, while band of ≃208 bp was produced in other germlines/varieties. Moreover, only the band sequenced from RR, MR and MS showed homology of 97-99% with Lycopersicum hirsutum clone RGA sequences. Primers Ptokin (1+2) produced two discrete bands of ≃ 1 kb and 1.3 kb only in RR, MR and MS germlines/varieties. No band was generated in SS germlines. However, sequence and cluster analysis dichotomize the bands of ≃ 1 kb in 2 MR + 2 MS (TO-1057, Yaqoot, Surkhab, FMC-339) and≃ 1.3 kb in 3 RR (Advanta-1209, Zeba and 575) into two divisions with 46% homology and 0.26 genetic distance. It was concluded that combination of phenotypic and genotypic (RGAs) approaches with bioinformatics tools could be used to identify EB resistance in tomato. This study would be a guideline towards solution to devastating fungal pathogen through developing resistant cultivars that could be later used in breeding program for sustainable crop production.