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Potential Economic Gains from Gsp Plus Status for Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis

Thesis Info

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Author

Iqbal, Muhammad Shahzad

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Financial economics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/8228/1/Shahzad%20Thesis%20Final.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724937221

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The importance of trade has been recognized as a vital component of sustainable development for an economy. To achieve the goal of sustained economic growth, economies always try to maximize the benefits of trade and especially exports. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) plus on the economic growth of Pakistan. The European Union, the largest trading partner of Pakistan granted this status to Pakistan in December 2013. The study attempted to employ the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model in its global version called Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) to measure the economic gains for Pakistan at macro level under the GSP plus status. The study also used MyGTAP, developed by Minor & Walmsley (2013) to calculate the impact at the household level. This MyGTAP model uses the data of the latest available Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) to makes changes in the standard GTAP by including multiple types of household and labor. The results of different simulations run by standard GTAP and MyGTAP reveal that there is an overall increase in the GDP of Pakistan. The results of all simulations by using standard GTAP 09 suggest a positive change in the real GDP, real investment, merchandise imports and terms of trade of Pakistan while the merchandise exports of Pakistan show decline in case of the second simulation. The main findings of the simulations, run under MyGTAP model also show a positive change in real GDP, merchandise imports, real investment and terms of trade while the first simulation shows a negative change in merchandise exports. Similarly, – EBA status of Pakistan in the EU28 show an increase in the household income with maximum gain by the household of rural Sindh with no agriculture land and a positive change in real wages of most of the factors. However, the large and medium agricultural household types show a negative change in household income in case of the first simulation. Comparatively low improvement over the urban and non-farm household of rural areas of Pakistan. Keywords: Economic growth, trade, GSP Plus, European Union, CGE model, real GDP, terms of trade, real investment, household income etc.
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پروفیسر عبدالمنا ن بیدلؔ

عبدالمنان بیدلؔ
پٹنہ یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ فارسی کے سابق پروفیسر جناب عبدالمناف بیدل کی وفات گزشتہ اپریل میں ہوگئی، انھوں نے تقریباً نوے سال کی عمر پائی اور اس لحاظ سے خوش نصیب تھے کہ اپنی زندگی میں اپنے شاگردوں کو علم و ادب میں بڑی شہرت حاصل کرتے دیکھا، بڑے شفیق استاد تھے، اس خاکسار کو بھی ان کی شاگردی کی سعادت نصیب ہوئی، اپنے زمانہ میں فارسی کی نصابی کتابی انگریزی لباس پہن انگریزی زبان میں پڑھاتے وقت اس مشرقی زبان میں مغربی رنگ پیدا کردیتے، بڑے اچھے شاعر بھی تھے، بیدل تخلص کرتے، مشاعروں میں اپنے ترنم سے اپنی شاعری میں دلنوازی، دل ربائی اور دل نشینی کی ساری کیفیت پیدا کردیتے، آخر عمر میں مذہبی رنگ بھی زیادہ غالب ہوگیا تھا، زائرین حج کی خدمت مختلف حیثیتوں سے کرتے رہے، استاذی المحترم حضرت مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ کے سفر حج میں ساتھ تھے، سلیمان نمبر میں ان کا ایک پرکیف مضمون ’’سفر حجاز کے تاثرات‘‘ کے عنوان سے شائع ہوا، گزشتہ اگست میں ان کو حکومت ہند کی طرف سے فارسی کی سند کا ایوارڈ بھی ملا، لیکن حکومت کی یہ جوہر شناسی اس وقت ہوئی جب ان کے بہت سے شاگردوں کو ان سے پہلے اس اعزاز سے نوازا جاچکا تھا، اﷲ تبارک و تعالیٰ ان کو ان کی نیکیوں اور خوبیوں کی بدولت کروٹ کروٹ جنت نعیم عطا فرمائیں، آمین۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، مئی ۱۹۸۲ء)

الإمام القرطبي وكتابه الجامع لأحكام القرآن الكريم

يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعريف بالإمام القرطبي وكتابه الجامع لأحكام القرآن الكريم، حيث يعتبر القرآن الكريم من أعظم المصادر في معرفة اللغة والوقوف على أسرارها، ومايتعلق به من علوم وخصوصا علم التفسير، وقد وضضع لنا الإمام القرطبي مصنفا ثريا على مستوى الكم والكيف، فهو موسوعة جامعة لكل ما يتعلق بالقرآن الكريم، وقد جمع بين دفتي هذا التفسير علوما شتى، وتتمثل مشكلة البحث في أن الإمام القرطبي متمكن نظرا وتطبيقا، كما ظهر في تفسيره، ولكنه مع ذلك لم يعرف نحويا كما عرف فقيها ومحدثا عالما مشاركا في علوم عدة، ويهدف هذا البحث إلى إبراز الإمام القرطبي من حيث اسمه ونسبه وولادته وحياته العلمية، وكتابه الجامع لأحكام القرآن الكريم.

Approximate analytic solution of Hodgkin-Huxley equations

In the last century, there has been extensive research on our brain and many mathematical models and theories have been developed which describe the dynamical behavior of neurons. One of them is the widely known, Hodgkin-Huxley model. The Hodgkin-Huxley model for space clamp situation (uniform voltage over a patch of nerve membrane) is a mathematical model consisting of 4 nonlinear ordinary differential equations that describe membrane action potentials in neurons. Before this work, these equations could only be solved by numerical techniques and analytical solutions were not found. In this work, efforts are put to find the analytic solution of the Hodgkin-Huxley model by using Homotopy Perturbation Method. Homotopy Perturbation Method was developed by Ji-Huan He (1998) by merging two techniques, the standard homotopy and the perturbation technique for solving linear, nonlinear, initial and boundary value problems. Further, the solution is compared with the experimental results found by Hodgkin and Huxley. In this work, the first-order approximate analytic solution of the space-clamped Hodgkin Huxley model has been computed and algorithm for a higher-order solution is given. For plotting the solution, MATHEMATICA is used. It is found that the first-order solution can describe many key properties of the Hodgkin-Huxley model. Further, besides some differences, the general agreement of the first-order solution of space-clamped Hodgkin-Huxley Equations by Homotopy Perturbation Method with experimental results is good. Homotopy Perturbation The method is proved to be a convenient and efficient method to find an approximate or exact analytic solution of nonlinear differential equations