خطوط کی تدوین و ترتیب کے لیے عمیق نظری کی صفت کا ہونا اہم ترین چیز ہے۔کاتب کے اسلوب کا جائزہ لیے بغیر خطوط کو یک جا کرنااور خاص مقاصد کی تکمیل کے لیے ان کا استعمال کرنا ممکن نہیں۔اسلوب خود انسان ہی ہے۔مراد یہ کہ اس میں انسان کی پوشیدہ شخصیت اور ذہنی ارتقا سامنے آ جاتا ہے۔انسان اپنے خط میں اپنی کیفیت کا اظہار کرتا دکھائی دیتا ہے۔وہ بے تکلفی سے اپنے خیالات و افکار کو صفحۂ قرطاس پر منتقل کرتا چلا جاتا ہے۔اس طرح کاتب کا جذباتی مد و جزر بھی پوری طرح عیاں ہو جاتا ہے۔ادبی اصناف میں سب سے اہم اور معلوم شخصیت خود لکھنے والے کی ہوتی ہے۔اسے یہ ہرگز معلوم نہیں ہوتا کہ اس کا مخاطب کون ہے؟ نہ زمان و مکاں سے ان کا رشتہ ثابت شدہ ہوتا ہے اور نہ ہی لکھنے والے کو ان کے فہم و ادراک کا اندازہ ہوتا ہے۔ٓج بھی نظم و نثر کے پڑھنے والے موجود ہیں اور ہزاروں سال بعد بھی رہیں گے۔اس طرح قارئین کے ساتھ ان کا ماحول بھی تغیر پذیر ہوتا رہتا ہے۔ خطوط کے معاملے میں یہ صورت مختلف میزان اختیار کر جاتی ہے۔اس میں کاتب اور مکتوب الیہ دونوں معلوم ہوتے ہیں۔ان کا رشتہ بھی زمان و مکاں کے ساتھ بندھا ہوا ہے۔وہ ایک مخصوص ماحول میں زندہ ہیں اور ان کی گفتگو بھی معلوم حقائق سے متعلق ہے۔کاتب اور مکتوب الیہ کی سطح ادراک ایک بھی ہو سکتی ہے اور مختلف بھی۔اس کے موضوعات قطعاً نجی اور ذاتی بھی ہو سکتے ہیں،قومی اور عالمگیر بھی۔ان خطوط کا محرک عداوت بھی ہو سکتا ہے اور محبت و عقیدت بھی۔کاتب اور مکتوب الیہ کا رشتہ رسمی اور کاروباری بھی ہو سکتا ہے اور اس کی جڑیں لکھنے والے کی ذات میں بہت گہرائی تک پیوسط بھی ہو سکتی...
Psychological morbidity is emerging as animportant issue for medical students after entering clinical training due to extensiveworking hours. Students find themselves unable to balance competing demands on their time and cannot allocate appropriate time to family, spouses and even to themselves; this leads to complaints about exhaustion and lack of efficiency in their profession. Objective: To assess Psychological morbidity in interns, medical officers and residents Methods: a cross sectional study was conducted. A google form was designed with questions adopting from the three scales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). Question from all three categories of MBI-GS such as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were considered. The form was distributed via email and Whatsapp to 87 house officers, medical officers and residents of six public healthcare facilities in Lahore. Responses were captured from 73 participants who completed the General Health questionnaire. Seven of these forms were filled by nurses, so in the present study only the response ofthose 66 participants who conformed to the study cross-section were considered. The results were analyzedusing SPSS version 22 for descriptive statistics and chi-square association. Results: A significant association was found between long working hours and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment questions in particular. The findings suggests long working hours ruin the mental health of medical professionals, which ultimately produce psychological health impacts. Conclusions: It was concluded that these factors should be considered to reduce psychological morbidity in health professionals.
This research project encompasses the entire aspects of Shah Waliullah's thoughts in the domain of Islamic Jurisprudence (FIQHA), Social and Mysticism in a very logical and analytical approach, highlighting their utility in developing of a progressive and harmonious society. The research work has been developed systematically and chronologically in five chapters. Chapter-I discusses the complete biography of Shah Waliullah's with his academic and linguistic career and his pioneering role in renaissances of Islam in the sub continent. In Chapter-II the focus is made on contemporary position and status of Politics, socio-economic and Mysticism of the era of Shah Waliullah of 18th century as a revolutionary changed of period. It was a time of adversaries and general decline of national level. Chapter-III elaborates with detail of the Islamic Jurisprudence (FIQHA) and prominent sources of Islam i.e. QURAN, SUNNAH, IJMA, QIAS and other authentic sources of Sharia. The legal and constitutional uses of these sources have also been highlighted for the well being of the progressive society. Chapter-IV is purely related with the philosophical and developmental stages of the field of socials evaluation in the vision of Shah Waliullah. It has also been concluded that how to provide smooth and social justice to members of various community and nations. Moreover the complete political management system have also been diagnosed. In Chapter-V focus has been made on two different theories of existence i.e. VVAHDAT-UL-VVUJOOD (unity of existence of IBN-ARABI) and (WAHADAT-UL-SHUJOOD (unity of manifestation) which was put forward by Ahmad-Sirhindi. In the back drop of these two doctrines Shah Waliullah's specific theory in this regard introduced. In this chapter irregularities and adversaries in the society have also been discussed and the remedial measures for their satisfaction have been suggested in the field of Sufisim. Moreover, the significance and influences of inner human spiritual power has been explored and considered extremely helpful on
satisfying the members of the Muslim society.
So, the present comprehensive research reflects the past Islamic cultural heritage as well as the vision
for the future. As an eminent scholar Shah Waliullah's thought study resulted in his distinguishness
bridging so many gaps and help in solving much of the persisting confusion in relevant disciplines viz
Islamic Fiqha, Socials and Mysticsm.