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Proposition of Agricultural Education Curriculum and its Teaching Strategies for Secondary Education in Pakistan

Thesis Info

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Author

Kiran Akhtar

Program

PhD

Institute

Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University

City

Rawalpindi

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13399/1/Kiran%20Akhtar%20education%202019%20arid%20rwp%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724951814

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Agricultural education is the key component of development and growth of agriculture. This becomes essential when agriculture provides the base for economy of any country like Pakistan. This has vital role for building the capacity of the people in agricultural profession. Many universities and colleges have been offering agricultural education at undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels and lastly, they have also started intermediate pre-Agriculture program. At the same time, the subject of agriculture has been a part of elementary school for many years. This analysis leads to conclusion that the gap that is still existing for the provision of agricultural education at secondary level. To fill this gap, at first level, the curriculum of agriculture must be in hand to start this program but still that has not been developed and launched at secondary level. This study aims at exploring the propositions of agricultural education curriculum and its teaching strategies at secondary level. This research automatically leads to fulfill the demand for agriculture education in schools to provide skilled persons as massive agricultural workforce. The objectives of the study were: a) To review the national educational policies, plans, projects and policy documents regarding agricultural education at secondary level. b) To assess the need of agricultural education for secondary level in relation to intermediate pre-agriculture program. c) To explore the possibilities for proposition of curriculum for agricultural education according to opinions of experts from agriculture. d) To explore teacher training strategies in relation to possibilities of agricultural education at secondary level through the opinion of experts from teacher education. The nature of study was descriptive. The study was conducted in three steps. At the first step; documentary analysis technique was used. Further, the need of agricultural education curriculum for secondary level was assessed. Purposive sampling technique was used to select subject specialists from University of Agriculture Faisalabad and Rawalpindi. At the second step; the data were collected through three round Delphi technique for proposition of agricultural education curriculum. At third step; purposive sampling technique was used to select expert teachers in teacher education from universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. At this step, possible ways were proposed for teacher training in agricultural education at secondary level. The data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. The qualitative data were analyzed by themes and analytical approach. This research suggests that agriculture education may be launched at secondary school level and proposed some possibilities to fit agriculture education at secondary level. It is highly recommended that agriculture may be teach as an elective subject in science group. The research suggests that advance knowledge in field of agriculture with pedagogical skills are necessary for teaching of agriculture at secondary level like BS. or B.Sc. (Hons.) in agriculture with B.Ed. or advance diploma in teaching of agriculture. So, this study provides practical directions to policy makers and curriculum planners.
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۳۸۔ عیدی

عیدی

جب لوگ آسمان کی وسعتوں میں

ایک خم دار دھندلی سی لکیر تلاش کر رہے تھے

جو سب کے لیے باعث ِ مسرت تھی

مگر کسے خبر تھی

وہ شام میرے لیے غموں کے طوفان لانے والی ہے

اس لکیر کو دیکھتے ہوئے

میرے تصور میں بھی ایک نقطہ سا پھیلنے لگا

جو ایک مانوس صورت کا روپ دھار رہا تھا

چند قیمتی اذیت دہ لمحات میں ڈھلتی صورت

COMPARISON OF PATELLAR MOBILIZATION AND TAPING IN PATIENT WITH PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME

Background of the Study: To compare patellar taping and mobilization plus conventional therapy for reducing knee pain in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methodology: Controlled trial with 50 participants divided into two groups who received different treatments for 6 weeks: Group A had patellar taping and iliotibial band stretching, while Group B had patellar mobilization and quadriceps strengthening. Participants received three treatment sessions weekly for six weeks. The VAS was used to conduct pre and post-test pain evaluations for groups A and B. Results: Knee pain decreased in PFPS patients receiving patellar taping (Group A) or mobilization (Group B) using VAS (p<0.05). All treatments are effective for PFPS. The VAS scores after 6 weeks of post A and post B treatments assessed. After 6 weeks of taping, mean = 0.76±0.83. After 6 weeks, mean and SD = 1.20±1.12 from patellar mobilization. No significant difference between means (p = 0.12, α ≤ 0.05). Insignificance. Conclusion: The result of the study indicated that after 6 weeks of treatment for both patellar taping and patellar mobilization were effective in decreasing pain in PFPS.

Primary Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Profiles Among Hiv-1 Therapy Naïve Patients in Two Referral Hospitals in Kenya

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