Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Psychological Aspects of Death Rituals in Pakistan.

Psychological Aspects of Death Rituals in Pakistan.

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Haider, Nighat

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Psychology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/14521/1/final.docx

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724952714

Similar


This multidimensional research had three aspects. First aspect was the literature review entitled as Text Analysis of Quran and Ahadees regarding mourning and death rituals. The objective of this study was to clarify the exact position and limits of death rituals, commemorating the deceased and mourning in Quran and six authentic books of ahadees. The data were selected on the computer software to sample the text from Quran and Siha-e-Sittah. Thematic analysis was performed on the verses and ahadees. The second aspect was relationship between psychopathology and death rituals in the bereaved first degree relatives. The study aimed at finding relationship between psychopathology, death rituals and socio demographic variables.290 adult bereaved first degree relatives participated in the study through purposive convenient sampling technique. Written informed consent was taken and booklets containing instruments were given to the literate participants to fill in accordingly, while test instruments were applied on illiterate participants in interview format conducted by the researcher. Statistical techniques of Spearman correlation, independent sample t test, univariate analysis of variance and stepwise linear regression were applied on the data.The third study was psychological aspect of grief and death rituals among the bereaved first degree relatives that commemorate death rituals and those who do not. Objective of the study was to understand the psychological mechanism of grief and adaptation in people who observe death rituals and the reason that may be responsible for the need to commemorate the deceased in form of death rituals and the psychological mechanism of grief and its adaptation in the people who do not observe death rituals.30 bereaved first degree relatives (15 from each group) were included in the study through purposive convenient sampling technique. Semi structured interviews were taken from the participants and analyzed through grounded theory analysis. Results of study one found that mourning is strictly forbidden after three days since death of a relative or friend except for the death of husband. The prescribed period for mourning after the death of a husband is four months and ten days. Mourning is compulsory during this period. Attending funeral, funeral prayer, and burial is encouraged for men in the society. In study two, statistical analysis showed that psychopathology in the group that observed the culture specific death rituals did not differ significantly with the group that does not observe death rituals. The rate of psychopathology was high in the bereaved first degree relatives. Psychopathology was higher in women, later years of life, and it decreased with level of education. The education in years and relationship between bereaved and deceased predicted the level of psychopathology. The results of study three found that the need to commemorate the deceased in form of ritual arises from the sheer feeling of emptiness and physical insecurity. This disequilibrium demands socialization. Participants used defenses like acting out, introjections and substitution to save the ego. Death rituals perform the functions to help socialize the bereaved. The ritualistic behavior is sustained through group pressures. The group that does not observe death rituals undergoes denial initially. It saves their ego from intense pain of loss; they employ rationalization to maintain the equilibrium of ego and keep busy to relearn the life without deceased. This ensures early recovery of everyday functions to dismiss the need for death rituals.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

تدوین کی اسلامی روایت

موضوع3:تدوین کی اسلامی روایت
اسلام سے قبل اہل عرب کی حالت:
اہل علم اس بات سے آگاہ ہیں کہ اسلام کے اعلان و ترویج سے قبل عرب کا خطہ لکھائی پڑھائی سے محروم تھا۔ ہزاروں کی آبادی میں گنتی کے چند افراد لکھ پڑھ سکتے تھے۔ اہل عرب اس دور میں کسی بھی مہذب معاشرے میں شمار نہ ہوتے تھے۔ ایسے حالات میں اللہ کے رسول حضرت محمد ? نے نزول وحی کے آغاز کے بعد اسلام کا اعلان فرمایا۔
اعلان نبوت :
ابتدائی 13 سال تک انتہائی شدید مخالفت کے عالم میں صرف زبانی تعلیم کا سلسلہ ہوتا تھا۔ صحابہ کرام جو کچھ سنتے وہ یاد کر لیتے۔ اپنے حافظے میں رقم کر لیتے۔عربوں کے حافظے نہایت قوی تھے۔ مگر ساتھ ہی جو صحابہ کرام لکھنا پڑھنا جانتے تھے وہ قرآنی آیات لکھتے بھی تھے۔مگر پڑھائی لکھائی کا باقاعدہ نظام نہیں تھا۔ 13 سن نبوی ? میں ہجرت کے بعد حالات معمول پر آئے۔ میثاق مدینہ اور مواخات مدینہ کے بعد مسجد نبوی ?کی تعمیر بھی ہو چکی تو مسلمان کچھ سکون میں آئے۔ ان حالات میں تعلیم کا انتظام شروع ہوا۔
تعلیم و تربیت کا باقاعدہ آغاز:
تقریبا سواسال گزرنے کے بعد غزوہ بدر وہ تاریخی واقعہ ہے جب مسلمانوں پر کفار نے حملہ آور ہونے کی کوشش کی۔ تو اللہ تعالی نے مسلمانوں کو فتح سے ہمکنار کیا۔یہ وہ موقع تھا جب نبی رحمت ? نے مسلمانوں کو مزید رغبت سے تعلیم پر مائل کرنے کے لئے کفار قیدیوں کو فدیے میں مسلمانوں کی تعلیم کاحکم دیا۔اس کے بعد مسجد نبوی ? میں ایک چبوترہ تھا جسے دنیا میں صفہ کے نام سے یاد کیا جاتا ہے۔ نامساعد مالی حالات میں صحابہ کرام کی کثیر جماعت اس چبوترے پر تعلیم حاصل کرتی۔ کتب میں وارد روایات کے مطابق مختلف اوقات میں 1000 یا اس...

Growth in Islamic Economy

A major proof viewed by the Islamic universe today is the proof of re-making and reorganizing the economy in such a way seen as similar to the motivation of Sharia’h work. Money-related new development is one of the topics that in a general sense is termed as a science that offers a technique to show the science of monetary angles. Nevertheless, the standard technique, which has been assembled, is being considered for dissatisfaction in dealing with the issues of the Ummah, for example, despair, backwardness in human resources (HR), and achievement in proper position and life, and even a matter of natural change. Sadly, those conditions are found overwhelmingly in the Muslim world, where they have essentially manifested and represented in Muslim life. Moreover, it seems that the uniqueness of the Muslim world has been challenging, that is, it is typically rich in asset but still weak and poor. As for the path, in Muslim society, there is an ignorance of the achievements of motivation. Thus, there is no possible norm to find the emergence of different methodologies within the Islamic structure, surprisingly in the area of ​​money-related to unforeseen development.

Some Studies on Reproductive Biology of Sol Channa Marulius in the Punjab, Pakistan

Sol (Channa marulius) is a good target species for introduction into the aquaculture system of Pakistan, being indigenous and having potential to survive under variety of stressful freshwater conditions. The present study has been undertaken to study the growth and reproductive biology of the species under the conditions of Punjab (Pakistan). The analysis of morphometric and meristic characters suggested a significant correlation between the morphometric characters and a non-significant correlation between meristic characters, suggesting that meristic characters have a higher taxonomic value. Principal Component analysis suggested that fishes of different sizes have different patterns of growth of recorded variables. The fish with an average size of 7.37 cm (2.88g) increased to 53.8 cm (1165.7 g) from the age of 2 months to the age of 16 months. The fish at different ages suggested an isometric growth of weight in relation to length, with an average regression coefficient value of 3.05. Analysis of different reproductive biology variables conducted on fish captured from wild conditions suggested that the condition factor, gonadosomatic index (GSI), levels of progesterone and testosterone started gradually increasing after December, reaching peak values in April and a sudden decline in May. However, estrdiol peaked in March and showed minimum level in June. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) showed an inverse pattern, showing a decline in December with minimum values in May, when it started increasing to maximum values in the later part of the year. The pattern of histological changes in gonads followed the pattern of other variables of reproductive biology indicating that these variables truly represent the reproductive state of the individual. The studies suggest that the species is a long day species, where the reproductive activities commence after December and spawning takes place between late march and early May, under the environmental conditions of the Punjab (Pakistan).