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Purification, Characterization and Binding of Metals to Zinc Alpha 2-Glycoprotein Zag by Employing Various Techniques

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Zain Ullah

Program

PhD

Institute

Gomal University

City

Dera Ismail Khan

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Physical Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10612/1/PhD%20Thesis%20in%20PDF%20formate.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724959650

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In this thesis ―Purification, Characterization and Binding of Metals to Zinc Alpha 2-Glycoprotein (ZAG) by Employing Various Techniques‖ the development of several techniques were carried out to analyze the interaction of biologically important metals of Irving William Series. The expression and purification of the ZAG protein was also optimized for the preparation of samples. The folding to the native conformation was also carried out. That ZAG protein is present in almost all fluids of the body. Since the discovery of ZAG, several studies have been carried out. The importance of ZAG as an important biochemical agent is known long before. The growing number of literature since today demonstrates that it’s an important biomarker for the cancer cachexia, prostate cancer, lipid mobilizing agent and obesity suppressor. The crystal structure of ZAG reveals that the fold and distribution of domains are similar to the Major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I) molecules. This class is known for their immune regulation and thus ZAG is believed as a central player in the immune system and cellular signaling. There is no clear evidence of ZAG participation in the cancerous conditions but over expression is dealt as a biomarker. The study shows that the ZAG interacts with several ligands. There interaction with metals is known for boosting the bioactivity of ZAG. Although, it’s believed long ago that the ZAG is an important protein that participate in several biochemical processes and little is known to understand the ligands bound conformations of ZAG with their targets like peptides and metals. In this current project, we were focused to get the good expression and purification procedure for the preparation of ZAG. The unnative aggregated fold of ZAG from the inclusion bodies was transformed into the native fold using refolding and dialysis method optimization. The introduction of histidine tag to the C-terminal and their successful removal by the Carboxypeptidase Y enzyme was also carried out. The results of the cleavage of histidine tag were evaluated with gel electrophoresis, Mass Spectrometry and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. The confirmation of native fold and bioactivity was also confirmed from DAUDA binding affinity using fluorescence emission. The formation of metal complex of Irving William Series with ZAG and their respective complexation analysis was also studies using MALDI-TOF MS and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. xiii It was found that the ZAG has multiple binding sites that interact with metals even in the presence of DAUDA. The X-ray tube analysis using FPXRF shows that Fe (III) and Co (II) has similar concentration of atoms bound to ZAG molecules.
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حمد

نعت شریف

ہنجو روواں یار دی خاطر
اس مدنی سرکارؐ دی خاطر
قاصد بنے رسولؐ پیغمبر
سوہنے اس دربار دی خاطر
ظاہر ہویا جگ تے آ کے
رب سوہنے دل دار دی خاطر
نورِ محمد ظاہر ہویا
اس دنیا گلزار دی خاطر
روندے رہے وچ غار حرا دے
اس امت گنہگار دی خاطر
دشمن دا وی پچھنا کردے
ٹُر گئے گھر بیمار دی خاطر
یار بلایا عرشاں اُتّے
اپنے خاص پیار دی خاطر
سجدے وچوں سر نہ چایا
اس حسینؑ سوار دی خاطر

 

Jenkins' Deliberations on Communal Conflict with the Leaders of Punjab: 1946-47 (Part-I)

Bhim Sen Sacher informed Jenkins about the destruction caused by arson in Lahore. Akbari Mandi, Chune Mandi, Chauhatta Basti, Bhagat Singh Basti, Kucha Kagzian and Pipal Vehra had been burnt down. The fire brigade could not cope with those vast and dispersed areas. If someone tried to extinguish the fire he was shot at by the police. Bhim Sen Sachar suggested that the only way to save Lahore was to impose martial law in the city. He hoped that the Governor would take that step immediately.64 Jenkins thanked Lala Bhim Sen Sachar and Gokul for their letters informing him about Lahore. Jenkins explained that fire brigade had done a good job in spite of constraints and difficulties. He believed that all communities had access to incendiary materials, and could use it without detection by traversing joined roof-tops. Throwing fire-balls from one house to another was wreaking devastation. Checking trouble of that kind was not an easy job, but searches were carried out and culprits were arrested.6

بررسی و تحلیل محتوابی – تاریخی سیر اقبال شناسی درایران

The relationship between Iran and Pakistan backs to long time ago. This relationship with the advent of Allama Mohammad Iqbal and understanding his poems and thoughts, by Iranian people, entered a new phase .Allama Mohammad Iqbal by studying and research about Iranian history, literature, philosophy and Persian Mysticism had a profound impact and expressed this impact by the language of poetry (in Farsi and Urdu). In this regard, the title of this paper has been chosen as "Study and Content- HistoricalAnalysis of the Development of Iqbal Studies in Iran". This study is using content analysis method and has been done by relying on all the library and electronic documents about Iqbal studies in Iran. The geographic limits of this study included the created works in Iran from the beginning till 2013. The purpose of this study is analyzing the historical-content development of Iqbal studies in Iran, so that the general ground of the historical development of Iqbal studies in Iran has been studied and compared and at the same time modem researches about the above mentioned topic can be analyzed and introduced. Also the effects of Allama Iqbal on different grounds such as literature, philosophy, politics and cultural issues in Iran have been studied. The results of this study indicate that Allama Ictbars ideas had a great influence and this effect, after the Islamic Revolution in Iran, besides literature has also entered the thoughts, politics and culture of the people.