مولوی محمد امین زبیری
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ اردو کے ایک پرانے اہل قلم مولوی محمد امین صاحب زبیری نے کراچی میں انتقال کیا، ان کا وطن مارہرہ تھا، لیکن ان کی عمر کا بڑا حصہ بھوپال میں گزرا وہ ریاست بھوپال کے شعبۂ تاریخ کے مہتمم تھے اور بیگم صاحبہ بھوپال کے تحریری اور تصنیفی کاموں میں بھی مدد دیتے تھے، مولانا شبلی مرحوم سے خاص تعلقات تھے، چنانچہ مکاتیب شبلی میں ان کے نام بہت سے خطوط ہیں، بیگم صاحبہ بھوپال نے سیرۃ النبیؐ کی تالیف کے لئے دوسو ماہوار کی جو امداد مقرر کی تھی اس میں امین زبیری صاحب کی کوشش کو بھی دخل تھا، پھر مولانا شبلی کی وفات کے بعد انہی کی کوشش سے یہ امداد دارالمصنفین کی جانب منتقل ہوگئی اور ان کے تعلقات دارالمصنفین سے بھی برابر قائم رہے، مگر وہ سرسید ان کی پالیسی اور علی گڑھ تحریک کے بڑے پرجوش حامیوں میں تھے، اس کے خلاف کوئی بات سننا گوارا نہ کرتے تھے، اس لیے حیات شبلی کی اشاعت کے بعد ان کو دارالمصنفین سے شکایت پیدا ہوگئی تھی، مگر پھر وہ خود ہندوستان سے ہجرت کرگئے، ان کی پوری زندگی تالیف و تصنیف میں گزری، نواب محسن الملک، نواب وقار الملک، ڈاکٹر ضیاء الدین اور آغا خان کے حالات میں انھوں نے مستقل کتابیں لکھیں، ان کے علاوہ متعدد تصانیف ان کی یادگار ہیں، انتقال کے وقت نوے سال کی عمر تھی، ان کی موت سے ایک پرانی یادگار مٹ گئی، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اکتوبر ۱۹۵۸ء)
The study examines the impact of climate change on the spread of
some diseases in Thi- Qar Province through collecting and analyzing data
about various weather elements and phenomena of some monitoring
stations ( Nasiriyah ) for a high-temperature climatic cycle of 78 years
(1941-2018). It is divided into seven consecutive and different time
periods, 1941-1951, 1952-1962, and 1963-1973, 1974-1984, 1985-1995,
1996-2006, 2007-2018. These elements and phenomena are solar
radiation, temperatures (maximum and minimum), wind (Dust storm,
rising dust, suspended dust), and the thermal extremes phenomenon (heat
and cold waves) The research aims to reveal the reality of trends in
climate of the province of thi qar, and find out the reality of the general
trend of the elements of climatic different by relying on a series of
evidence statistical number of climatic variables for the meteorological
station in Nasiriyah especially temperature, wind speed, relative humidity
and rainfall, and extreme dust The most important results of the research
showed that temperatures trending upward in sync with a clear reduction
in the amount of relative humidity and rainfall which threatens a sharp
repeating the phenomenon of drought in the future. The research study
has found that the City of Nasiriyah ranked first in human diseases for the
period 2009-2018, as the reasons for this level of diseases include that
Nasiriyah is subject to the recurrence of dusty weather phenomena due to
its proximity to the Western Desert Plateau, as well as the lack of cultivated and water-covered areas. This city witnesses serious air
pollutions due to the concentration of a large number of factories located
near inhabited areas, as well as, the spread of brick factories in the
regions of the city, such as, brick factories in the area of El-Islah. This is
public services, in addition to the building projects, deterioration of
sewage overflow, the spread of epidemics and insects harmful to human
health, other climatic environmental pollutants, such as the spread of
pollen, plant scents and air allergens, which contributed to the increase in
the severity of skin diseases, climate eyes, arthritis and respiratory
allergies. The city of Al-Shatra ranked second in the number of people
with climatic diseases, Al-Rifai ranked third with infected cases, Souk
Al-Shuyoukh ranked fourth, and finally Al-Jibayish ranked fifth and last
in people with climatic human diseases for the period 2009-2018 in Dhi-
qar province due to the same geographical, climatic, medical, and
environmental causes indicated earlier.
Regional cooperation has gained new significance in the context of the increased competition among the developed countries, rising protectionism and growing crisis in the international economic system. The dilution of the North-South dialogue and increasing emphasis on South-South cooperation also promoted the growth of regional cooperation in the recent times. One of such ventures of collective self-reliance and development is attempted by the states of South Asia which took the form of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). Regionalism is as such a manifestation of particular regional arrangements in various economic, social, cultural and political groupings to facilitate regional cooperation. These regional associations are becoming effective, creating a new milieu for the political world as well as for economic interaction in a globalized world. Regional integration provides in a well-defined geographic region and techniques of conflict resolution and possibilities of pursuing common foreign policy objectives within a regional context. It also provides a mechanism for integration and unification leading to community building. However, the economic aspect holds the pre-eminent position for interdependence among the member countries in regional arrangement. South Asia is a complex region with striking similarities in social, cultural and ethnic aspects. There exist sharp differences in the political systems, economics, political, and strategic perception of the component states. While diversities divide these states, the similarities bring out their common heritage, common problems and common goals. This very complexity of this region witnessed a late and slow growth of the regional cooperation. SAARC, thus, has an unenviable task of achieving its objectives in a region that is never free from internal conflicts and tensions. Regionalism has become substantial phenomenon in international relations in Post-World War II period. The era of 1950s and 1960s saw the rise of many regional groupings in different areas of the world. After the Cold War regionalism obtained a transformed motivation with the thrust of globalization. It enhanced the development of interdependence and provided more incentive to the process of globalization. Subsequently, late 1980s the process of regionalization began to reemerge in different areas of the world and this process coincided with the rise of globalization. xi Regionalization and globalizations both led to integration but these not essentially supplement nor contradict each other and both operate at different levels. This dissertation is an attempt to highlight the politics of regionalism in South Asia and to focus on the role of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) in the region. India and Pakistan‟s hostile relationship remained main obstacle in the progress of SAARC. Despite having several bilateral problems SAARC provides regional identity and discourse to small countries of South Asia. Furthermore, this study will explain all factors which are contributing in regionalism in South Asia. Against this background, the present study tries to probe the salience of regionalism in South Asia. It is an attempt to understand problems and prospects of SAARC. The various factors that influence regional cooperation in South Asia and the smooth functioning of SAARC and a case study of India and Pakistan‟s attitude towards the regional arrangement is being discussed. The present study is also intended to be an inquiry into the complexity of international and intra-regional forces that create challenges as well as opportunities for regional cooperation in South Asia. Therefore, this study focuses on the political factors that influence SAARC rather than, highlighting areas of cooperation. Underlying assumption is SAARC primarily emerged due to political compulsions of South Asia. Regional cooperation could not take to a deeper level because there are still doubts about the political will and commitment towards regional cooperation on the part of the member states.