Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Relation of Phonemic Transcription to the Verbal Pronunciation of Pakistani Learners of English

Relation of Phonemic Transcription to the Verbal Pronunciation of Pakistani Learners of English

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Mahmood, Arshad

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Modern Languages

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

English Language & Literature

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12734/1/Arshad%20Mahmood_Eng_2015_NUML_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724968300

Similar


Thesis title: Relation of Phonemic Transcription to the Pronunciation of Pakistani Learners of English: a NUML Case Study Pronunciation is a very important component of language since verbal aspect of language is more important than its written aspect because of the volume of day to day verbal communication. This basic component of language becomes very important in foreign language learning /teaching because it involves a great deal of conscious learning where there is no native speech community around in most cases. In case of English, it becomes even more crucial due to vocalic richness that it possesses, the lack of correspondence between its actual sounds and its letters of the alphabet and its inherent stress-timed nature. Therefore, both teachers and learners have to be extremely careful in terms of its pronunciation. The present study was conducted to find out correlation between the written and verbal performance of Pakistani learners of English studying at Diploma Level in National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Correlation was found in monophthongs (single or pure vowels), diphthongs (double vowels or glides) and lexical stress. The members (both male and female) of the study sample (N=375) hailed from 11 different linguistic backgrounds which include all major languages spoken in the country. The data were collected with the help of two tests: one for written performance and the other for verbal performance. The data were statistically compared in order to determine correlation. The correlation was found with the help of Pearson Product Moment Formula. Though members of the study sample with different linguistic backgrounds exhibited their typical articulatory features, yet results of the study generally indicated strong (in the area of monophthongs), medium (in the area of diphthongs) and weak (in the area of lexical stress) though positive relationship between what the members of the study sample transcribed in phonemic symbols and what they pronounced. As far as the issues of gender and L1 are concerned, the former does not appear to be a crucial factor in terms of articulation whereas the latter does.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

زندہ ہے بھٹو

زندہ ہے بھٹو

                                                                                                                رضا زیدی

سیدھی بات ہے جو موت کو ،امیر المومنین علی ؑ کی سنت پر دلیری سے عمل پیرا ہوتے ہوئے ۔کامیابی سمجھ کر گلے سے لگائے وہ بھٹو بن جا تا ہے ۔اس کی زندگی کا مذاق اڑانے یا جلنے والے جلتے جلتے مر جاتے ہیں ۔مٹ جاتے ہیں اور بھٹو گردشِ لیل و نہارکے ساتھ ساتھ اپنی زندگی ،اپنے وجود اور اپنی خوشبو محسوس کراتا رہتا ہے ۔۔۔۔زندہ ہے بھٹو جلنے والے دفع دور رہیں ۔

جب تک سورج رہے گا

بھٹو تیرا نام رہے گا

یہ شخص ایک شکست خوردہ ملک کا سربراہ تھا ۔سامنے والی خاتون فاتح تھی اور اس کی قید میں اس شخص کی نوے ہزار سپاہ تھی اور اس کی زمین کا خاطر خواہ حصہ اس خاتون کے قبضے میں تھا ۔پھر بھی اس شخص کے چہرے پر اعتماد اطمینان اور اس کی بدن بولی دیکھیے ۔ایک شکست خوردہ ملک کا صدر مذکرات کی میز پر وہ سب کچھ جیت گیا جو ہم ممیدانِ جنگ میں ہار چکے تھے ۔

 

EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY-BASED MANAGEMENT APPROACHES FOR TENSION TYPE HEADACHE

Background of the Study: Multiple Physical Therapy approaches have recently been developed and reported in the literature for providing better results in the treatment regimens of tension-type headaches. The advancement in the field of Physical therapy towards the treatment approaches of tension-type headaches has become the driving force for writing this article. Methodology: Studies comparing the effects of physical therapy management with conventional treatment approaches are included in the meta-analysis. PRISMA guidelines were used for performing the qualitative analysis and assessment of risk of biases. Results: According to the findings of nine randomized controlled trials, the analysis of the results had revealed that physical therapy intervention demonstrated a significant improvement in reducing headache severity. In a random effect model, the pool effects of physical therapy strategies in terms of Standardized Mean Difference had an impact of 1.41, which according to a Cohen rule of thumb displays a larger effect of physical therapy management in significant decrease in pain intensity among tension-type headache patients Conclusion: The study has concluded that physical therapy-based management strategies as provided in several RCTs analyzed in this review article revealed a pool effect of moderate size in managing the frequency of pain and a larger effect size in managing pain intensity and duration. Further, it was concluded that tension-type headaches can be effectively managed through physical therapy-based approaches.

Pharmaceutical Drug Promotion in Pakistan: Issues in Ethical and Non-Ethical Practices

Common People and government authorities are usually concerned about the unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan, therefore; the researcher examines the unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan, and selected Karachi City as Case study for this purpose and analyze the impact of unethical marketing practices in pharmaceutical industry. This study not only evaluates the responsible variables for the unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices but also compare who is more responsible for these unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan. This study also examines, who has initiated these unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan and who is responsible for the continuation of these practices in Pakistan. In this study researcher focuses six variables that can be a major cause of unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan i.e. Pharmaceutical marketing and Sales personnel, doctors’ community, retail and whole sales pharmacies, government and private hospitals personnel, government officials and patients or their attendants’. All these six variables have been taken and gathered the data through survey questionnaire, compile and analyze through Statistical tools like descriptive and inferential Statistics both and conclude the main cause of unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan. In the under taken study four different hypotheses were developed and tested through Z and F test and also analyze the data through descriptive Statistics, for the descriptive Statistics four different parameters were developed and presented in the form of graphs and tables. The conclusion of the study was that initially pharmaceutical industry was responsible to introduce the unethical marketing practices to their customers i.e. doctors community, and hospitals and later on unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices became the norm of the pharmaceutical industry. Now the doctors are the main cause or reason for the continuation of these unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan. It is further concluded in the study that foreign visits are more common tools in order to get maximum output from the doctor community and now doctors have become more demanding and they ask themselves regarding the foreign and local tours and conferences. Cash incentive and home appliances are another form of unethical practices in the pharmaceutical industry. Clinic and home decoration are also the findings of unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices in the under taken study. However, it is also found that some demands from the doctors’ community or the offers by the pharmaceutical companies are quite ethical genuine regarding the scientific meeting and local & international scientific conferences. It is further concluded that all the stakeholders are agreed that these unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices can be stopped. They are also agreed non-qualified doctor’s practice should be eradicated. Pharmaceutical companies should strictly abide the rules and regulations, which are already mentioned and given in the pharmaceutical marketing code of ethics, at the same time Pakistan Medical Association and Pakistan Medical and Dental Association should restrict to the doctors community to practice in the limit of ethical and moral grounds. Governmental agencies are also responsible to enforce the prevailing laws with their true spirit on pharmaceutical companies. If any further legislation is required in order to stop these unethical pharmaceutical marketing practices then further legislation should be taken place and strict laws should be made and implemented.