کُتبِ اُصول حدیث اکیسویں صدی میں ؛ایک تعارفی جائزہ An Introductory Review of the Books written on ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth in 2ist Century

Muslims are a unique nation in the world who have shown unparalleled activism in preserving their sayings and relics. Caution was in view from day one. The simple precautionary measures taken in the early days later took the form of theology. In the beginning, the principles and rules of this knowledge did not exist in a disciplined form, although the scholars of Muḥaddithin adhered to the basic principles of this knowledge from the very beginning. However, references to these principles were to be found in the books of the pious. In the 4th Hijri, the scholars of Muhaddithin compiled the previous scattered work on the art of the principle of Ḥadith. Now these comprehensive definitions and terms are before us in a systematic and disciplined form in the books of ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth. In this short essay, the definition and necessity and importance of Hadith and ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth have been highlighted and also an introductory review of books written on ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth th and their authors and authors has been presented. Which indicates this. How strict were the rules and regulations of the Muslim Ummah for examining the authenticity and text of the Holy Hadith and how did they separate the authentic, weak and subject matter of the hadiths and write their separate books? And how hard they have worked to promote art.

Health Care Organization of Afghan Refugees and Host Population in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Servant Leadership Assessment in 2012

Two Health Care Organisations (HCOs) were assessed in this research; HCO 1 for Afghan refugees and HCO 2 for Pakistani citizens, residing in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The level of Servant Leadership (SL) being practiced in these organisations was assessed. The two organisations were analysed separately, followed by their comparative analysis. The study explored the organisational strength and weakness, association of seven demographic factors with SL, the gap in perception between the leadership (top leadership and management) and workforce, and association of job satisfaction with SL. Finally, the level of ease-to-reform these organisations was analysed. Methods It was a quantitative research, which used a pre-designed, self-administered instrument – Organisational Leadership assessment (OLA) – to record the perception of the employees about the practice of servant leadership in their respective organisations. 574 employees (HCO 1: 200; HCO 2: 374) were selected through a stratified random sampling technique. Results It was found that the HCO for Afghan refugees had better status having Moderate Health and positive paternalistic culture. HCO 2 had Limited Health and was negative paternalistic. Builds Community was the strength and Develops People was the weakness of both the organisations. Almost all the selected demographic factors had no association with SL. 35 out of 40 correlations were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that the gap in perception between leaders/managers and workforce about the practice of SL was not significant (p > 0.05) in both the organisations. The level of job satisfaction was satisfied and average for HCO 1 and 2, respectively. Association of job satisfaction to SL was strong (r = 0.5 – 1), positive and highly significant (p < 0.01). Ease-to-reform was high for both the organisations. Conclusions All the sections of employees perceived that both the organisations fell short of the servant-organisation level and the very satisfied degree of job satisfaction. Since the potential for reform was high, a reform program is required to be initiated to make these organisations servant-oriented. It has to focus on all the segments of the employees because the demographic factors do not affect perception about SL. An additional conclusion was drawn during literature review; it was observed that either we are unable to define leadership properly or classify it according to the spirit of that definition.