Creative ability of an individual enables him to conceptualize the ideas and then to formulate. It involves the process of making and coming out with a product which is usually a work of art (Cowdary, 1997; Brophy,1998). Creative designing is a vast field and a lot of creative designing is being done in different fields of knowledge throughout the world but there is no mentionable work being done in the field of apparel design related to creativity. This study will be helpful in identifying the role of creativity in terms of novelty, enhancement and elaboration of high and low achievers at the same time. It will also give guidelines to teachers of fashion illustration to assess and modify their teaching techniques and it will also be helpful in evaluating that to what extent the creative imagination can be improved with intervention. The methodological of this study is experimental in nature and the research design is this single subject research design. During the course of this project sampling was done by purposive sampling. The sample size of this research study is around 50 students who have taken fashion illustration as a major optional in Homeeconomics BS part II second year level. After the collection of the data to answer the research hypotheses, the judges of this research study used Consensual Assessment Technique during scoring process. Later on, thorough analysis of the data helped in generating answers to the research questions of this study, and is able to measure the effect of intervention on vividness of imagery in the selected dimensions of creative abilities in apparel designing through fashion illustrations. This study concluded that the dimensions of creative abilities (aesthetics, affectiveness, elaborated, novelty, usefulness and appropriateness) improved with the improvement in vividness of imagery whether they have low, medium or high level of vii vividness of imagery. The result of Pearson coefficient of correlation indicated that there statistically significant positive relationship between vividness of imagery and creative abilities at all-time points(pre-test, intervention, post-test).The results also showed that there is significant multivariate effect between the subjects (levels of vividness of imagery), with-in subjects (dimensions of creative abilities) and across the interaction between levels of vividness of imagery with dimensions of creative abilities. However, pairwise comparisons of pre, intervention and post test scores of students regarding vividness of imagery, creative abilities using adjusted Bonferroni tests showed statistically significant difference between the pre-test, intervention and post-test of each variable. Although, this study came up with many new facts and understandings about the relationship of creative abilities with vividness of imagery in apparel designing, but it is recommended that further designers can explore reasons for the positive relationship between the vividness of imagery and creative abilities. Educators can further investigate the reasons for difference in vividness of imagery. Researchers can study teacher’s participation in the professional development that focuses on creativity in the students. Designers can have an in-depth qualitative investigation to study the need for enhancing creativity in the students of apparel design through fashion illustration and psychologist can investigate the process of formation of mental and visual images.
بیٹھے تے ساں راہاں مل یار نہ آیا ساڈے ول جھوٹے دا سنگ چھڈ دے توں کچھ تاں کر انصاف دی گل ایہہ تاں جانے پاک خدا چنگی اج ہے یا ہے کل عشقے پاگل کیتا اے کر کوئی یار اساڈا حل
Abu Al-Rab ‘ Sulaymn Bin Msá Al-Kal‘ (565 A. H -- 634 A. H) is a great Srah writer. In this article, his scholarly and personal characteristics, the list of his works, tributes from scholars to his services and scholarly rank of Al-Kal‘ are presented. After presenting his personal features, an introduction and research analysis of his book “AlIktif’ fi Maghz Al-Mutafá wa Al-thalthah Al-Khulaf ’ ” is given. Al-Kal‘ was a great scholar and authentic Srah writer. He got knowledge of Hadth from Abul ‘At’. He attended the lectures of various scholars of Hadth such as Abul Qsim bin Al-Jaysh, Abu Bakr bin Jadd, Abu Abdullh bin Zarkn, Abdullh bin Fakhkhr, Abu Muhammad bin Jamhr, Najbah bin Yahy. Many great scholars of Hadth such as Q Tnas were his pupils and brought his knowledge to far off countries. Al-Kal‘ wrote many books on Hadth and Srah. Ibn Farhn, Abul Abbs and many other scholars have praised and paid tribute to Al-Kal‘ in their works. Main objective of the book under discussion, Al-Iktif’, is to disseminate knowledge of Srah and Hadth prolifically. Al-Kal‘ has kept in mind the caution and the principles of Srah writing derived from the Holy Qur’n. Sulaymn Bin Msá has a great quality of writing Srah books. He can be called a born scholar and a writer. His quest for knowledge took him in different cities and he gained the best of knowledge and intellect that can be seen in all of his writings. He can be called a preserver and a protector of Srah literature. He is considered the most honored and dignified person among the scientific and cultural tradition of Andalusiyah. This article proves his abilities, qualities and excellence of work.
The present study is an effort to probe into different kinds of institutional, socio-cultural and technical challenges to digital health literacy. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by Davis (1985) was used as grounded theory that depicted that technology usage was affected by Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU). This study included different objectives and tried to explore different factors, causing as barriers to digital health literacy. Qualitative portion of the research tried to answer to overcome the challenges identified. The research, which was conducted in 16 Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan’s recognized universities in Lahore, used mixed research method. Both male and female students ranging from Bs programs to PhD programs were the focus of the research. Quantitative data was collected through survey method using stratified random sampling as there were different kinds of strata in population i.e. general universities, health sciences universities, engineering universities and animal sciences universities. The research encompassed a total of 89664 students in 16 universities, from which sample size (1513) was drawn through research advisor table (2006). Proportional allocation formula was used to specify the number of respondents from each university. Non-parametric statistics was used since data was not normal. Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test were applied to measure the difference of effect of groups of independent variable on the dependent variable. For qualitative portion eight Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and eight in-depth interviews were conducted, each and every FGD was including six students who were randomly selected. Results of quantitative portion depicted that belonging to different types of institutions, age groups, and levels of educations etc. were differently affecting the level of usage and that of expertise in digital health literacy among university students. Results of qualitative portion elaborated different kinds of health information sources among university students i.e. doctors’ advice, media, internet and seminars and so on so forth. Different themes, considered as barrier to digital health literacy, were also drawn, whilst different kinds of solutions to overcome the barriers were also explored through FGDs.