This study was designed to explore the relationship of the institutional and social factors with adolescents’ socialization and attitude towards learning. It further aimed to highlight the impact of demographic variations such as adolescents’ age, gender, academic achievement, parents’ qualification and socio–economic status of the family on their socialization and attitude towards learning. The objectives also included to discover which of the factors influence students’ socialization and attitude towards learning more; institutional or social. For measurement of the perception of adolescents, teachers and parents about the adolescents’ socialization and attitude towards learning three indigenous inventories were developed separately, each having four subscales. Teachers’ role, discipline, hidden curriculum, peer relationship were the subscales of the variable institutional factors. The variable social factors have four subscales such as, relationship with parents, home environment, media impact and community influence. For the variable socialization the four subscales were positivity, confidence, self-respect, organized. For the variable attitude towards learning the four subscales were responsibility, behavior, diligence and decision making. The sample was comprised of 300 students; 200 teachers and 200 parents taken from the population. The data was analyzed through various statistics on SPSS. Results revealed that there was a remarkable difference in the perception of adolescents, teachers and parents regarding the impact of various institutional and social factors on adolescents’ socialization and attitude towards learning. Adolescents whose parents were highly qualified were better in their socialization. It was also concluded that when the adolescents were asked to compare their relationship with the teachers and with the peers they answered that peer have a stronger impact on their attitude towards learning rather than teachers. It is recommended to bridge the communication gap between the adolescents and their adults. Supportive and caring relationship with the teachers’ help adolescents build the attitude towards learning and would promote academic achievement. Teachers may learn to deal with the variations in the nature of adolescents that vary from individual to individual which is also commonly known as the individual differences. Parents may build a friendly relationship with their children based on trust, peace and harmony.
هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى وضع أنموذج لقيادة مٌديري المدارس التغيير التربوي بسلطنة عُمان في ضوء بعض النماذج المُعاصرة، واتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي، كما استخدمت نظرية تحليل المضمون في تحليل الوثائق في جمع البيانات والمعلومات. وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى وضع أنموذج لقيادة مٌديري المدارس التغيير التربوي بسلطنة عُمان تكون من سبعة مراحل هي: الإيمان العميق بضرورة التغيير، وتشكيل فريق إدارة التغيير، ونشر ثقافة التغيير، ووضع خطة للتغيير، وتنفيذ التغيير، وتقويم التغيير والاحتفال بالنجاحات، والمٌتابعة والتغذية الراجعة المٌستمرة.
Authentic Leadership (AL) is an emerging concept in leadership studies. A plethora of research has indicated a positive relationship of AL with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of employees in general organizational contexts. Little studies have examined the relationship of AL with OCB in the context of academic settings of Pakistan. This study evaluates the influence of four dimensions of AL on the employees’ work attitude in relation to OCB in the context of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Additionally, the study examined the mediating effect of Organizational Justice (OJ) on the relationship of AL with OCB in the context of HEIs of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan.A sample of nine HEIs was selected for the purpose and data from 279 leaders and 1158 followers were collected through convenience sampling technique. Data concerning the participants profile were also collected through self-developed Biographical Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson r, ANOVA and regression techniques. The findings of this research study revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship of AL with all the five levels of OCB.The study found that all the four dimensions of OJ fully mediated the relationship of AL with OCB. Furthermore, a positive correlation between AL, OCB and OJ were found. The employees’ demographic characteristics showed statistically significant effect on OCB. Moreover, a model comprising different variables was tested using bootstrapping tests. The findings offer implications regarding how AL enhances the followers’ OCB and how the OJ strengthens the relationship of AL with OCB. HEIs should, therefore, judiciously design and implement performance management system with fair outcomes, procedures and treatment of employees. The present study explored a new model encompassing AL, OCB, and OJ wherein AL and OJ acted as predictors of OCB. The model confirmed that AL is the predictor of OCB and OJ fully mediates the relationship of AL with OCB in the context of HEIs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study recommends that future research should test and assess this model in other contexts.