This study is an attempt to identify the relationship of service quality and students‟ satisfaction at university level in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Major objectives of the study were to explore the gaps in the service quality, gender based difference in the perceptions, expectations and satisfaction of the students regarding service quality of the six sampled universities. Moreover, the least contributing and the most contributing factors to students‟ satisfaction were also determined. The study was restricted to public sector formal and general education universities recognized by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. The population of the study consisted of all the students enrolled in the ten universities. The students studying in the final year of Masters or in the final semester of BS (Bachelor of Science) were the target population. By using simple random sampling technique, a sample of six universities was selected. From each sampled university, four faculties namely Social Sciences, Life/Natural Sciences, Business / Commerce, and Languages/ Arts were included in the study. In the second stage, one department from each faculty and four departments in total from each sampled university were selected randomly. A self-developed questionnaire, validated by experts and piloted for (r = .90) was used for data collection. The students of randomly selected departments, studying in final year/ semester at Masters and BS level responded the questionnaire. The sample comprised 938 students, including 333 males and 605 females. The Data, collected through the questionnaire, were analyzed by using SPSS 20 version. MANOVA, ANOVA, independent sample t- test, multiple stepwise regression and Pearson product-moment coefficient of correlation were applied. The study found gaps in all the five dimensions of service quality. It also found no significant difference in the perception and satisfaction of male and female students. With regard to expectations of the students, a significant difference was recorded as female students had more expectations than the males. Empathy as the least contributing and responsiveness as the most contributing factors to students‟ satisfaction were concluded. The students studying in the sampled universities were found dissatisfied with the service quality. Finally, the study identified a strong positive correlation between service quality and students‟ satisfaction at university level. It is recommended that universities should regularly conduct student satisfaction surveys to bridge the gaps in all the five dimensions of service quality.
مرزا سلطان احمد افسوس ہے کہ اعظم گڑھ کی ممتاز مقبول شخصیت مرزا سلطان احمد صاحب رٹائر ممبر بورڈ آف ریونیو نے طویل علالت کے بعد گزشتہ ۱۷؍ فروری کو انتقال کیا وہ پرانے علیگ اور اپنے زمانہ کے لائق ترین عہدہ داروں میں تھے، اپنی قابلیت سے ڈپٹی کلکٹری سے کلکٹری اور بورڈ کی ممبری تک ترقی کی اور جہاں رہے اپنی دیانتداری اور شرافت سے مقبول و نیک نام رہے، بڑے عہدہ داروں میں ایسے شریف اور خلیق انسان کم دیکھنے میں آئے ہیں، ان کا خمیر ہی اخلاق و شرافت سے گوندھا گیا تھا، ادنی و اعلیٰ ہر شخص کے ساتھ ان کا اخلاق یکساں تھا، ہر ملنے والے کے ساتھ کوئی نہ کوئی ایسی خصوصیت ضرور برتتے تھے جس سے اس کو یہ محسوس ہوتا کہ وہ اس کے ساتھ خاص تعلق رکھتے ہیں۔ بڑے وضعدار، فیاض اور مہمان نواز تھے جس سے جس قسم کے تعلقات تھے، اس کو عمر بھر نباہا، ملازمت کے زمانہ میں ان کا دستر خوان بڑا وسیع اور گھر مستقل مہمان خانہ تھا، ان کے اعزہ و احباب میں سے کوئی نہ کوئی ان کے یہاں مستقل مقیم رہتا تھا اور جس کو ضرورت ہوتی اس کی نقدی سے بھی مدد کرتے تھے، ہر حاجت مند کی مدد کے لیے ہر وقت تیار رہتے تھے اور اس کے لیے ایسے کام کر گزرتے تھے جس کی ہمت ہر شخص نہیں کرسکتا، وہ بڑے تنخواہ دار تھے لیکن جو کچھ کمایا سب صرف کردیا، اعظم گڑھ میں دو ہی ایسے شخص تھے جنھوں نے بہت پیدا کیا، مگر اپنے بعد کچھ نہیں چھوڑا، ایک مرزا صاحب، دوسرے اقبال سہیل مرحوم ملازمت سے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد حکومت نے ان کے سامنے پبلک سروس کمیشن کی ممبری پیش کی، مگر انھوں نے وطن چھوڑنا پسند نہ کیا اور اعظم...
This study focuses on the impact of Religious Education in Pakistan at individual and collective levels. The research discusses the educational basis for the study of religion and analyzes the contribution of religious education towards the intellectual growth of individuals. The study raises few questions regarding religious education in Pakistan such as; why has our education system been divided into religious and secular education system. Whether the existing religious education is able to create a linkage between religion and society or not, if not what are the areas which need to be focused. What are the possibilities of sidelining the religious education and what could be its effects. The research focuses on the aims and objectives or religious education in Pakistan by analyzing the nature of curriculums of religious education at various levels. This study highlights the deficiency of the inclusion of the teachings of other religions in our religious education. The research consists of a current survey of the said topic, some findings and conclusions on the issue and few recommendations as well.
Quantum effects have been investigated in highly dense non relativistic, relativistic and ultra-relativistic plasmas. Various issues have been brought under consideration right from the Alfven solitary structure in non-relativistic, relativistic and ultra-relativistic electron-ion degenerate quantum plasmas. The full set of nonlinear QHD equations for a relativistic degenerate electron-ion plasma is used to investigate circularly polarized Alfven waves via the Zakharov equations. The solitary structures in non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic degenerate quantum plasmas are discussed by applying the Sagdeev potential technique. Also, we have studied obliquely propagating electromagnetic excitations in dissipative in the presence of relativistic and quantum effects. In this regard, relativistic quantum magnetohydrodynamic model and reductive perturbation technique is incorporated to study the linear and nonlinear magnetoacoustic modes in non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic electron-ion plasma. Also the effects of electron concentration, obliqueness and the magnetic field strength on the shock structures are investigated to both fast and slow modes.