Global industrial development has deteriorated the quality of the environment by polluting the biosphere. Among all the industries, tanneries are the most polluting ones. Although leather tanning is an important economic activity all over the world; transformation of raw hides and skins of animals into useful leather goods and products produce huge amounts of effluent, burdened with highly toxic organic and inorganic pollutants. This toxic effluent is usually discharged directly into the environment without any treatment, which may cause severe damage to the ecosystems that it comes in contact with, mostly soil and water resources and associated biota. Various physicochemical processes are being employed to treat industrial effluents in developed countries, but these conventional technologies are cost-prohibitive, produce secondary pollution, and are difficult to implement in developing countries to treat large volumes of complex tannery effluent with high loads of organics and inorganics. So, in this current scenario, the most viable option is to use biological processes, hence, in this regard constructed wetlands (CWs) offer a more promising solution to overcome aquatic pollution by a sustainable, affordable, and practical way to remove pollutants. Unfortunately, CWs application to reduce pollution levels in tannery effluent has been a rather neglected area of research. In the present research work, potential of CWs vegetated with different macrophytes viz., Brachiaria mutica, Canna indica, Cyperus laevigatus, Leptochloa fusca, and Typha domingensis to remediate tannery effluent was assessed. Moreover, the effect of augmenting CWs with endophytic bacteria was also investigated for improvement in their remediation potential. This project revealed that CWs vegetated with pollutant-tolerant plants and bioaugmented with pollutant-degrading bacteria have great potential to remediate and detoxify inherent tannery pollutants. Furthermore, toxicity evaluation by fish bioassay revealed that tannery effluent treatment through CWs significantly reduced its toxicity level, in contrast to the high toxicity hazard associated with untreated tannery effluent.