شیخ علی طنطاوی
گزشتہ ماہ عربی زبان کے نام ور ادیب مشہور واعظ ومصلح علامہ شیخ علی طنطاوی کا انتقال ہوگیا، اناﷲ وااناالیہ راجعون۔
وہ کافی معمر اور ضعیف ہوچکے تھے۔ انتقال کے وقت ان کی عمر سو برس سے تجاوز تھی۔ مسجد حرام میں ان کی نماز جنازہ ادا کی گئی اور بلد حرام میں مدفون ہوئے۔
ان کی نسبت سے پتہ چلتا ہے کہ ان کا آبائی وطن طنطا مصر تھا، مگر وہ ایک مدت تک شام میں مقیم رہے اور وہاں منصب قضا پر بھی فائز رہے، شام میں فوجی انقلاب کے بعد غالباً وہ وہاں سے سعودیہ عربیہ منتقل ہوگئے اور عمر کا بقیہ حصہ یہیں بسر کیا۔
سعودی ریڈیو اور ٹیلی ویژن پر ان کی مذہبی تقریریں اور علمی سوال و جواب کا سلسلہ کافی مقبول ہوا۔ وہ عربی کے بلند پایہ ادیب اور انشا پر داز تھے، حضرت مولانا سید ابوالحسن علی ندوی مدظلہٰ سے ان کے گہرے علمی روابط تھے، چنانچہ مولانا کی کئی کتابوں پر انہوں نے پیش لفظ لکھا۔ دارالعلوم ندوۃالعلماء بھی تشریف لائے اور اس کے متعلق والہانہ جذبات کا اظہار کیا۔ ندوہ کے عربی رسالہ ’’البعث الاسلامی‘‘ میں ان کے مضامین برابر نقل کئے جاتے تھے۔
شیخ طنطادی کا خاص مشن عرب نوجوانوں کی مذہبی اصلاح تھا، وہ خاص طور پر ان کو دینی حمیت و غیرت اور مغرب سے عدم مرعوبیت کی دعوت دیتے تھے، ان کی تقریروں اور تحریروں کے متعدد مجموعے شایع ہوچکے ہیں۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی خدمات کو قبول کرے اور مغفرت فرمائے۔ آمین!! (’’ع ۔ع‘‘، اگست ۱۹۹۹ء)
Religion is the cradle of human civilization and will always be a core influence in determining the trends, outlooks and progression of our society, which inevitably confronts questions and issues with religious undertones. As the world becomes more multi-religious and multi-ethnic, however, there is a seemingly diminished respect for the diverse existence of faiths and ethnicities, and more concerns rise towards this new threat to peace, which can be seen in the form of religious hatred, persecution, and conflicts often involving physical violence. This rising hostility, which has become a prolonged, unstable social factor, in all manifestations is an obstacle to peace. According to the different religious scholars of the semitic and nonsemitic religions it is recommended that religion plays a vital role to save the humanity. For this purpose many scholars recommend a religious alliance and unity for the whole universe as we can prevent the violence against humanity. In this paper the different views of the scholars in favour of religious alliance while the stance of Islamic Sharia has been discussed in detail as well.
Several breeds of buffalo and cattle in Pakistan show mark differences in the milk yield. These animals are in a range of high milk producer to low. A proportion of these differences are explained by the animal genetic make up. In the earlier studies, a number of DNA polymorphisms have been reported in candidate genes. Among these few of candidate genes studied in the present study, are bovine growth hormone (bGH), kappa- casein (k-CN) and beta-lactoglobulin (B-LG) genes using PCR-RFLP methodology. Two genetic variants (A and B) and three genotypes AA, AB and BB have been identified. The genotyping of bovine growth hormone (bGH), kappa casein (k-CN) and beta- lactoglobulin (β-LG) alleles is of practical importance since bGH L, k-CN A & B and β- LG B alleles were found to be correlated with commercially valuable parameters. Genotype information on 366 animals from four breeds including one buffalo and three cattle breeds of Pakistan regarding polymorphisms located in the candidate genes was compared to literature reports. The results from frequency analysis revealed minor deviations from previous reports. Allele frequencies were calculated by gene counting methodology which shows the high prevalence of bGH genotype LL among cattle, while few animals had the LV variant and there was no VV variant was found. A Chi-Square test analysis of studied population of Pakistani cattle for bGH gene indicated that the studied population was in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Among cattle two alleles A and B in two genotypic forms AA and AB were found for κ-CN gene fragment. The frequency of allele A was found to be significantly higher in cattle whereas AB genotype was more frequent in Sahiwal cattle. No BB genotype was detected in any of these cattle. The Chi-Square test revealed that observed frequencies and those expected under Hary- Weinberg were not significant at (P< 0.05), suggesting that Cholistani and Red Sindhi population was in equilibrium for k-CN locus, while animals of Sahiwal cattle were not in Hary-Weinberg equilibrium. Analysis of β-LG gene, genotypes AA and BB were detected and no AB genotype was found in the tested animals of Nili-Ravi buffaloes while the frequency of AA genotype was higher. In cattle observed genotypes were AB and BB and the frequency of β-LG allele B was significantly higher in the analyzed animals of three cattle breeds. However, the important thing is the homozygosity found in Nili-Ravi buffaloes for bGH and κ-CN genes and this could be due to the loss of genetic variability among the studied population. Nucleotide sequencing from Nili-Ravi buffaloes shows maximum homology with Bubalus bubalis and Bos taurus breeds. On comparison of amplified gene sequence of Nili-Ravi buffaloes with Bubalus bubalis and Bos taurus breeds show variation at several sites. Thus results show that the PCR-RFLP analysis is easy, cost effective method which permits easy characterization of bGH, κ-CN and β-LG genes even in the absence of their expression. This will facilitates the selective breeding programs aimed at increasing the frequency of desirable alleles.