اس کا نام تو مراد بخش تھا لیکن اس کی قسمت میں نامرادی لکھ دی گئی تھی۔ خوش بختی سے اسے ایک چاند سی بیوی تو ملی تھی لیکن اس چاند کو گہن لگا ہوا تھا۔ اس کے ارد گرد جگ مگ کرتے ہوئے تاروں کا دور دور تک نام و نشان نہیں تھا۔ وہ اور اس کی بیوی امید و آس کے ہر ایک دروازے پر دستک دے چکے تھے لیکن مراد بخش کی آرزوؤں کا چاند نیلگوں آسمان پر تنہا ڈوبتا ابھرتا رہا۔ اس کی ماں بہو کی گود ہری دیکھنے کی تمنا لیے اس دنیا سے رخصت ہوگئی۔ آخر بارہ برس کا طویل انتظار کچھ کم تو نہیں ہوتا۔ یہاں تو بارہ گھنٹے بارہ منٹ اور بارہ پل میں دنیا کہاں سے کہاں جا پہنچتی ہے۔ اس کی ماں بھی اپنی سونی آنکھوں اور خالی بانہوں میں ایک نرم و گرم اور سبک و لطیف لمس کی تمنا لیے اپنے مالک حقیقی سے شکایت کرنے آپہنچی۔ لیکن پھر بھی گھر کا چراغ روشن نہ ہوا۔ آنگن میں لگے ہوئے بیلا کے پودوں پر اُجلے اُجلے پھول نہ کھلے۔ کیاریوں میں جمائے گئے رنگ برنگ تخم زمین کی نرمی سے ہم آغوش ہوکر بھی انکور نہ ہوسکے اور حسبِ معمول اس بار بھی نیم کے پیڑ پر پھل تو لگے لیکن کسی کوئل کے کوکنے کی صدا سنائی نہ دی۔
اب مراد بخش اپنے دوست احباب سے بھی کترانے لگا تھا۔ ہمدردی کے دو بول اسے اپنے سینے میں کانٹے کی طرح چبھتے ہوئے محسوس ہوتے۔ کچھ منہ پھٹ قسم کے شناسا اسے اپنے طنز کا نشانہ بنائے رکھتے تھے اور موقع پاکر کوئی نہ کوئی لطیفہ اس کی شخصیت سے جوڑنے میں انہیں خاصا لطف آتا تھا۔ وہ تلملا کر رہ جاتا۔ کبھی اپنی کڑواہٹ کو مسکراہٹ میں چھپانے اور کبھی اس طرح انجان...
The article titled: the rights of foetus in Islamic law, aims at explaining the rights of foetus without discussing different theories of the scholars in this regards. It also defines the foetus and gives literal and technical meanings besides different stages of foetus mentioned in the Holy Quran and the Hadith. The article explains the rights granted to foetus in the lights of serah before birth and these rights are a binding on the concerned people and violation of foetus’ s rights is prohibited and it is a cognizable offence. The article also discusses the attitude of west regarding foetus rights as the western society is totally ignorant about the rights of foetus and their legislation in this regard is contrary and several western laws are causing the violation of foetus’s rights. Thus, the champions of human’s rights are blind to the rights of foetus which is foundation and beginning of human life and first step for the human race. It is that has given these rights to mankind for the first time and informed human being about their rights through the first human’s rights charter given at the time of the Noble Prophet {blessing of Allah and peace be upon him}. This charter is known as the charter of Madina between the Muslims and the Jews. The article concludes: mankind cannot be protected unless the sperm of man is protected and foetus is protected in the womb of the mother from abortion because these are the future of humanity.
Presently, buffalo farmers are dissatisfied with fertility rates of the frozen semen used in the field and tend to use bulls. This study was designed to develop a suitable semen extender for cryopreservation of Nili Ravi buffalo semen that can improve conception rate in buffaloes. Experiment-I, an attempt was made to develop semen extender with optimal osmotic pressure for buffalo semen using tris citric acid (TCAE), skim milk (SME) and coconut water (CWE) extenders (each extender have 260, 270, 280, 290 and 300 mOsm/kg osmotic pressure levels). In Experiment-II, best extender (TCAE: 300 mOsm/kg) of experiment-I was tried to improve post thaw spermatozoa characteristics by supplementing antioxidants [0.0, 1.75, 2.0 and 2.25 mM butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and 0.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 8.0 mM L-cysteine]. Post thaw spermatozoa motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), DNA damage rate and lipid peroxidation were assessed in first two experiments. In Experiment-III, pregnancy rate assessment of extended semen was carried out by using Trial extender (best of experiment II) or Control extender of Semen Production Unit (SPU), Qadirabad, Pakistan (50 inseminations of each extender). Higher spermatozoa motility at ≥ 270 mOsm/kg was noted in TCAE than both SME and CWE could be due to less intracellular ice formation in zwitterions extender. Higher spermatozoa viability in TCAE and CWE compared to SME may be attributed to extender effectiveness. Higher acrosomal integrity rate at 300 mOsm/kg in TCAE and SME may be because of less intracellular ice formation in isotonic extenders. At 290 mOsm/kg, higher spermatozoa PMI in SME and lesser DNA damage in three extenders might be due to lesser intracellular ice formation at cryopreservation. Decreased spermatozoa DNA damage in SME might be due to the presence of natural antioxidants i.e., casein. Higher lipid peroxidation in CWE than TCAE and SME may be due to presence of natural antioxidants (in SME) and higher cell dehydration potential of TCAE. Higher spermatozoa motility recorded at 2.0 mM BHT compared to other BHT groups including DMSO might be due to fact that BHT protects spermatozoa mitochondria by reducing oxidative stress. Lower spermatozoa viability, PMI rates and higher DNA damage at 2.25 mM of BHT may be due to BHT toxic effects. Lower lipid peroxidation in BHT treated groups compared to DMSO and BHT control groups might be related to BHT strong antioxidant properties. L-cysteine caused higher spermatozoa DNA damage at highest level (i.e., 8 mM) that could also be due to antioxidant’s toxic effect. Pregnancy rate 18 % higher was noted in Trial than Control semen extender; however no significant difference have been noted that might be due to less no of inseminations. In conclusion, TCA extender (300 mOsm/kg) having BHT (2.0 mM) improved post thaw semen quality and yielded numerically better pregnancy rates. Results of study indicated that osmotic stress damaged the spermatozoa internal structures more severely than injury to plasma membrane.