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Role of Educational Leaders for the Promotion of Quality Learning Environment in the Public and Private Sector Universities at Lahore.

Thesis Info

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Author

Nizami, Rahila

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Management and Technology

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11588/1/Rahila%20Nizami%20Education%202019%20umt%20lhr%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724996774

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It is a mixed methods study, about investigating the roles of educational leaders for quality learning environment in the Public and Private sector universities at Lahore. The objective of this study was to identify the gaps in the roles being played and entrusted to educational leaders. It highlights the current picture by finding the practiced roles being compared with the quality and leadership of public and private universities, point out the quality indicators and relationship of leadership with learning environment in the selected universities. The study was restricted to the public and private universities of Lahore which are recognized by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. The population consisted of all the Deans, Directors, HODs, Professors, Associate Professors, Assistant Professors and lecturers of the universities at Lahore working in the four faculties like Natural Sciences, Management Sciences, Arts and Humanities and the Social Sciences. This population was divided in two tiers viz tier one was comprised of Deans, Directors, HODs, Professors, Associate Professors second tier was stretched over Assistant Professors and lecturers of the universities at Lahore working in the four faculties. Census sampling was done for the first tier and for the second tier all were approached and those who gave their willingness were added in the sample. Researcher tried to get the complete picture of the educational leadership roles for quality learning environments of universities. A self-developed rating scale was prepared, got validated by experts and then pilot tested for which Cronbatch Alpha Cofficient came out to be (r= .873). The rating scale was stretched over the roles related to educational services and administrative services for students. The sample consisted of 349 respondents out of which 247 were from public and 102 were from private universities. Triangulation process was applied to make data converge. The retired directors, head of the departments and other faculty members were interviewed as a focus group. Other methods were adopted to get the picture of educational roles for physical learning environment of these universities selected. These methods included use of observation schedule and documentary analysis. SPSS 22 was used for the quantitative analysis of data. Crosstabs, factor analysis, factor loading and regression analysis was computed. Interviews, documentary analysis and observations were also analyzed. Researcher evaluated the roles of educational leaders for educational services for students, administrative services for students, quality indicators of both public and private universities and emerging models were also derived from this study. Findings showed that public universities‘ faculty are better in their academic and administrative roles than private universities. Further it is proved that physical learning environment of public universities is more attuned to quality standards of HEC Pakistan than private universities.
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علامہ جمیل مظہری

علامہ جمیل مظہری
علامہ جمیل مظہری اردو کے بلند پایہ شاعر،ادیب اورنقاد تھے، انہوں نے مشرقی ومغربی فلسفہ،ادبیات ومذہبیات اورانسانی فکر و نظر کی تاریخ اورطلسم کدۂ کائنات وحیات کامطالعہ اس عمیق و دقت نظر سے کیا تھا کہ ان پر عالم حیرت طاری ہوگیا اوراس میں تشکیک کارنگ پیدا ہوگیا تھا۔ اس تشکیک نے رمزیت، تفلسف اوراظہار کی ندرت وبرجستگی کے ساتھ آمیز ہوکران کے کلام کوگہری انفرادیت سے ہم آہنگ کردیا تھا۔اس میں کوئی شبہ نہیں ہوسکتا کہ ایک فنکار کی حیثیت سے برصغیر کے شعراء میں وہ ایک ممتاز مرتبۂ ومقام کے مالک تھے لیکن ان کی طبیعت ہنرفروشی جوہنرنمائی کی ایک شاخ ہے ا س سے ہمیشہ سخت متنفر رہے۔ مزاج میں کمال استغناء وبے نیازی کے ساتھ گوشہ گیری وکم آمیزی کی خُو تھی اس لیے ان کو شہرت وعظمت کے دربار میں وہ مقام نہیں ملا جس کے وہ بجا طورپر مستحق تھے۔ افسوس ہے۲۳/جولائی کوان کابھی انتقال اپنے وطن مظفرآباد میں ہوگیا۔مرحوم اوران کے برادرخورد سید امیر رضاکاظمی میرے ان احباب خاص میں تھے جن کی صحبت ومعیت کی وجہ سے کلکتہ میرے لیے باغ وبہار تھا، اس لیے علامہ جمیل مظہری کاانتقال دنیائے شعروادب کاہی ایک سانحہ نہیں، ذاتی طورپر بھی ایک المناک حادثہ ہے۔
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Determinan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perataan Laba (Studi pada Perusahaan Sektor Teknologi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia)

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Application of Environmental Friendly Practices for Tannery Sludge Reuse by Anaerobic Co-Digestion

Tanning industry in Pakistan has shown rapid growth in last few decades. However, environmental regulations are not strictly followed regarding the processing as well as discharge of effluents. Tannery wastewater and sludge have become a major source of water and soil pollution. This research study was designed to appraise the harmful impacts of untreated tannery wastewater along with proper management of sludge by utilizing green technologies. In this study, management of tannery sludge was done by utilizing environment friendly practices in four experimental phases. In first phase, the impacts of tannery wastewater on soil and selected plants were studied in comparison with a control group. Characterization of tannery wastewater showed that values of parameters like pH, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, sulphate and chloride were higher as compared to National environmental quality standard. The concentration of Cr, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Na, and K were higher in soil and plants (D. sanguinalis, S. cumini and E. camaldulensis) samples irrigated with tannery wastewater as compared to fresh water samples. It is concluded that the untreated tannery wastewater is not suitable for irrigation purpose. Hence, proper treatment of tannery wastewater is required before its usage for irrigation purpose. Biogas production through anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated tannery sludge (WATS) with biomasses (rice husk, cow dung and sewerage sludge) as co-substrates was investigated in second phase. The initial results of waste activated tannery sludge were best as compared to primary lagoon sludge, secondary lagoon sludge and tannery solid waste collected from Kasur tannery treatment plant. The waste activated tannery sludge was used in biogas experiments as co-substrate. Different proportions of waste activated tannery sludge and cow dung were used for biogas production. The cumulative biogas production in WATS (waste activated tannery sludge 100 %) was found 80 mL (0.10 mL/g TVS), WATSCD-1 (WATS 70 % and cow dung 30 %) that is 158 mL (0.20 mL/g TVS) and WATSCD-2 (WATS 50 % and cow dung 50 %) sample 195 mL (0.24 mL/g TVS). The overall results of WATSCD-2 combination were best. To optimize biogas production ultrasonic and chemical pre-treatment were applied through series of experiments on different combination of WATSCD-2. Seven combinations of WATSCD-2 with sewerage sludge and rice husk were ii prepared and designated as CDCT-1 to CDCT-7, treated chemically. Similarly, seven proportions CDUT-1 to CDUT-7 were treated ultrasonically. Biogas production results of ultrasonically treated sludge combinations (CDUT-1 to CDUT-7) were better as compared to chemically treated sludge combinations (CDCT-1 to CDCT-7). The optimum results were obtained in ultrasonically treated combination CDUT-7 (202 mL, 9.25 mL/g TVS) as it contains maximum biomass concentration as compared to CDUT-1 to CDUT-6. In third phase, series of experiments were conducted to optimize the parameters like sulfur, ash and gross heating value (GHV) by preparing different sludge combinations with biomasses. These combinations were prepared by using primary sludge, secondary sludge and WATSCD-2 with coal and rice husk on weight percent basis. The higher GHV results were found in WATSCD-2 combinations as compared to both primary and secondary sludge combinations. The WATSC-2 combination (WATSCD-2 50 % and coal 50 %) have lower sulfur and ash contents along with high GHV as compared to primary and secondary sludge combinations. So, this combination has better potential to use as refuse derived fuel for energy recovery. The statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA) was found significant for ash, sulfur and GHV for different sludge combinations with p < 0.05. It is concluded that sludge is a very valuable fuel like traditional biomass. However, efforts should be exercised to overcome the problem of drying and emissions from sludge. In last phase, compost was prepared from different combinations of WATSCD-2 with different co-substrates. These combinations were designated as WATSCD-SR (mixture of WATSCD-2, sewerage sludge and rice husk), WATSCD-RL (mixture of WATSCD-2, rice husk and leaves), WATSCD-SL (mixture of WATSCD-2, sewerage sludge and leaves) at laboratory scale by using 1:1:1 ratio of each component. The WATS-RL combination showed better results of nitrogen (2.9 ± 0.38 %), phosphorous (0.038 ± 0.01 %), potassium (0.07 ± 0.01 %), organic matter (57.55 ± 6.35 %) and C/N ratio (18.05 ± 1.93) as compared to WATS-SR and WATS-SL. Environmental regulations are getting more restricted related to landfilling of biodegradable waste. The solution of these problems is to use of biodegradable portion for biogas production and residual tannery sludge as bio-solid (composting) or thermal utilization for energy recovery.