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Home > Role of Minorities in the Political System of Pakistan A Case Study of the Christians of Lahore Division

Role of Minorities in the Political System of Pakistan A Case Study of the Christians of Lahore Division

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Maqbool Anwar

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Political science

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12166/1/Maqbool%20anwar%20political%20sci%202019.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725000860

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The minorities play a very important role in the development of a country. The minorities in Pakistan have also been playing a very significant role in the development of the sacred homeland, especially the Christian Community, of Lahore Division, being the largest minority has been working side by side with the Muslim and contributing its share in the progress of the country. This research aimed to explore and hi-light services of the Christians of Lahore Division in different fields of life. Qualitative research has been carried out and interviews of the Christians, serving in different departments, have been conducted to explore the role of the Christians in the political system of Pakistan. The results show that they participated very actively in the Pakistan Movement and at the time of partition of the sub-continent they supported the stance of the Muslims unconditionally. After independence, when Muslim refugees were coming to Pakistan, the Christian Community came forward for their help. Since independence, they have been seen working serving the nation in different fields especially in education, health and care, judiciary, defense etc. At present, they are running some worldfamous educational institutions in Lahore. The Christian doctors and nurses are serving the ailing humanity in almost all the hospitals of the Lahore Division. Their role in the defense of the country is also praise-worthy. Some of them have even sacrificed their lives for the sacred homeland. They have given their blood to secure the future of the nation. In the development of the country their contribution is no less than the Muslims’ role but unfortunately, they seem less interested in political process of the country. They have apprehensions about electoral system. The representatives of the Christian Community, in the Assemblies, are selected but not elected. It is a big hindrance in their way to political participation. Moreover, illiteracy, poverty, and social discrimination, etc. are among some of the major hurdles in their way to political participation.
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83. Al-Mutaffifin/The Defrauders

83. Al-Mutaffifin/The Defrauders

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

83:01
a. Woe to the defrauders,

83:02
a. those who take full measure when they measure against the people,

83:03
a. yet whenever it would be giving the right of others, they reduce the measure for themselves or weigh for themselves.

83:04
a. Do they not realize that they will be resurrected from their graves and held accountable for their cheating -

83:05
a. - during an Awful Time,

83:06
a. - the Time when everyone – all humankind - will stand accountable before Rabb - The Lord of all existence?

83:07
a. They think all will be equal at the Time of Final Judgment.
b. Not at all!
c. The book/record of deeds of the sinful will be preserved in Sijjeen.

83:08
a. And what may enable you to perceive Sijjeen?

83:09
a. It will be repository of a written book.

83:10
a. Woe, that Time, to those who belie -

83:11
a. those who belie persistently the truth of the Time of Final Judgment.

Surah 83 * Al-Mutaffifin 721

83:12
a. And no one can deny it, except every transgressor and sinful.

83:13
a. Whenever OUR Messages from The Qur’an are read out to him, he would rebuke:
b. ‘Fictional tales of an ancient people!’

83:14
a. Of course not!
b. Rather what they have earned has covered their hearts like rust.

Digestive Surgical Emergencies at Analankininina Toamasina Madagascar University Hospital during the Covid-19 Pandemic

During the period of total containment during the Covid-19 pandemic; our department became the sole treatment center for all surgical emergencies. The influx of many patients made the task very difficult for the surgeon. This is a 3-month descriptive prospective study in the visceral surgery department at the Analankininina Toamasina University Hospital Center. Of the 81 patients hospitalized during the study, 32 patients were admitted for digestive surgery emergency, i.e. 39.50%. The mean age was 34.87 years with a sex ratio of 1.66, predominantly male. Abdominal pain occupied 43.75% of the reason for consultation, the most frequent pathologies were acute intestinal obstruction (18.75%) and acute appendicitis (18.75%). An exploratory laparotomy is performed on 40.62% of patients. Many patients were operated on for proctologic emergency (18.75%). The average length of hospitalization is 4.18 days. The visceral emergencies are present despite the presence of the Covid-19 pandemic and the activities of the health personnel are uninterrupted.

Effect of a Voice Recognition System on Paediatric Outpatient Medication Errors

Background: Medication errors have potential to cause harm and death; especially children who are three times more vulnerable than adults. Risk of medication errors is higher in out- patient settings due to a stressful work environment with less familiarity of individual patients. This problem in sub-Saharan Africa is however largely undetermined. A Voice Recognition System that converts verbal messages into text and stores it in a database in a retrievable format could impact on reduction of medication errors. Objectives: The primary objective was to compare medication prescription and dispensing errors in written prescriptions with those from a Voice Recognition System. Secondary objectives were to determine the types and frequency of medication errors, determinants of medication errors and acceptability of routine use of a Voice Recognition System to make medication prescriptions. Study design: A before -after Intervention study to determine the impact of introduction of a Voice Recognition System on the occurrence of medication errors. Methods: Prescriptions issued from the Paediatric Accident and Emergency Department at Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi over a six month period were randomly selected and analyzed for errors. Patient‟s bio-data, diagnosis, prescriber‟s specialization and time of prescription were retrieved from outpatient medical records and documented in a standard study tool. A Voice Recognition System was installed and doctors and pharmacists consenting to use Voice Recognition were trained to enhance proficiency in its use. During consultations, doctors enrolled patients who provided written informed consent to have their prescriptions made using Voice Recognition. Prescription and dispensing records were analysed to determine the occurrence of medication errors. Questionnaires were issued to pharmacists and doctors to rate the use of Voice Recognition in the medication process. Results: During the VRS phase the proportion of female patients reviewed were 56.9% compared to 40% in the pre VRS phase. (OR= 0.5 (95% CI 0.37-0.69), P<0.001). The top five conditions diagnosed at the pediatric A&E department were upper respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis and gastroenteritis. Incidence was similar in both pre VRS and VRS phases. (51.5% and 58.3% OR=0.74 (95% CI 0.53-1.01), P=0.063.) Overall, there was a 19.5% reduction in prescription errors from 86.1% in the pre Voice Recognition phase to 69.3% in the Voice Recognition phase (P<0.001). Among prescription errors analysed, there was a 31.9% reduction in omitted drug route (P <0.001) and a 64.8 % reduction in incorrect drug dose (P<0.001). Analysis of dispensing errors revealed the greatest