اعتراف
میں دو دیوتائوں کا بھگت
جنھوں نے میرا بخت چمکایا
پہلا دیوتا جس کا مندر
جیسا باہر ویسا اندر
جہاں محبت کی شمعیں جلتی ہیں
درد کے سنکھ بجتے ہیں
جس کی کشتِ سخن زرخیز ہے
جس میں گلاب و سمن مہکتے ہیں
اور مرغانِ خوش نوا چہکتے ہیں
میرے اندر کے تار بجتے ہیں
مجھے ذوقِ ادب کا خزانہ دیا
لکھنا، پڑھنا، بولنا سکھایا
اظہار و بیان کا سلیقہ سمجھایا
پھر میں ایک ایسے دیوتا کے سپرد ہوا
جس کا مندر دیوتائوں کاعجائب گھر
جہاں شعور و فکر کے دیپ جلتے ہیں
جہاں علم و سخن کے گَجر بجتے ہیں
جس نے میری تپسیا کو بھاگ لگائے
میرے لفظ و معانی کو راگ دیے
میری سوچ کو پر لگائے
لفظوں کے جنگل سے خیال و معنی کے پھول چننے کا سلیقہ سکھایا
مجھے تو دوئی راس آگئی
یعنی مجھے پیاس بھا گئی
Abstract The religious seminaries (Madaris) 1 of Pakistan have been a hot topic of discussion in the national and international media. These Madaris are reminiscent of the ancient education system of Islam. They attracted people’s attention during the last two decades and especially after the 11th September 2001 incident of New York. Another aspect of interest was their role in the Islamic insurgence (Jihad) waged in various parts of the world particularly in Afghanistan and Kashmir. These institutions impart orthodox education based on centuries old syllabus called Dars-i Nizami. The administrators are disinclined to any slight change in the contents of the syllabus thus bringing them to an open conflict with the modem education system and western culture. The Madaris have been divided on the basis of religious sects i. e. Shia, Sunni and Ahl-i-Hadith. Of them Sunnis are further splintered into many sub-sects such as Deobandis, Brelvis, etc. But their adherence to the primitive education, Jihad and abhorrence for the western civilization is almost the same. Despite repeated reference to these Madaris, there are many misconceptions or disinformation about them In the present paper, an attempt has been made to remove these misconceptions and present a true picture. Besides, historical perspective, vital statistics, curricula and problems and prospects have discussed in the paper in hand
In this thesis, we study some discrete and semi-discrete integrable systems from a point of view of Lax pair representation and Darboux transformation. We shall investigate discretizationofprincipalchiralequations,generalizedHeisenbergmagnetmodel,generalized coupled dispersionless systems and short-pulse equations and give their Lax pair representations. Using a quasideterminant Darboux transformation matrix approach, we construct multisoliton solutions of the above mentioned systems. Darboux transformation is defined for the matrix solutions of the respective discrete equations in terms of matrix solutions to the Lax pair and are expressed in terms of quasideterminants. To get more insight, we shall discuss the comparison of discrete models with their respective continuous models. We show that discrete model can be reduced to continuous model, not only on the level of nonlinear evolution equation, but also on the level of solutions by applying the appropriate continuumlimit. Bystudyingvariousnewmodels,weshallcomputeexplicitexpressionsof multisoliton solutions including kink-soliton, dark-soliton, bright-soliton, loop-soliton and cuspon-soliton solutions.