Rote learning is a learning technique, in which a piece of information is learned by the repetition of the items in that information. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Rote Learning in students’ achievement in basic skills of English language. The objectives of the study included: (1) to study the role of rote learning in listening skill; (2) speaking skill; (3) reading skill, (4)and writing skill of the students in the subject of English. To achieve these objectives null hypothesis were tested. Three hundred nineteen thousands, eight hundred and eighty one students of grade nine in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constituted the population of the study. A sample of fifty students was taken from the population. The students were pre-tested and then divided in to two equal groups of control and experimental groups. The teaching of control group remained unchanged while the experimental group was taught through Rote Learning. Different methods of Rote learning like Chunking, Rhyming, Mediation, Recital and Bridging were used for the study of experimental group. The data was analyzed by paired sample T-test and ANOVA (analysis of variance). The result showed that the students who were taught through Rote Learning showed good result than those students who were not taught through Rote Learning. The study revealed that Rote Learning had an effective role in the teaching of basic language skills in the study of English. On the basis of findings, it is recommended that rote learning can play an important role in English language learning.
دکھاں مینوں لیا ستا فضل کریں توں آپ خدا نہ پھل ہووے نہ خوشبو نہیں طبیب تے نہیں شفا بھکھا ہیں تاں مار نہ چیکاں رجیا ہیں تاں دڑ وٹ جا جس کسے نال نیکی کرنا ایں اوس نوں ناں احسان جتا مرضی ہے تاں وڑ جا منڈی ایس عشقے دا ایہو بھا سن کے آمد یار سجن دی چڑھ جاندے نیں مینوں چا
Sardar Abdur Rashid Khan, Chief Minister of NWFP remained in office from 23 April 1953 to 18 July 1955. He belonged to the police cadre of the province and was inspector general at the time of his appointment. He was not a politician and never thought of becoming the chief minister of the province. Nevertheless he performed his duties well. It was during Sardar Rashid period that One Unit scheme was adopted. It integrated all the provinces and other units of West Pakistan into a single province. The plan was initially supported by him. Later on, as promises made to him were not fulfilled, he developed differences with the central authorities for which he was removed from his post. ______
Single phase barium manganate nanorods, nanoparticles, nanofibers and microparticles were prepared using composite–hydroxide mediated (CHM) method, hydrothermal (HT) technique, electrospinning (ES) and solid state reaction (SSR) route respectively. Size and uniformity of BaMnO 3 nanorods were optimized against different reaction times and reaction temperatures. BaMnO 3 powders consisting of nanorods of an average diameter ~ 200 nm and length ~1 – 1.5 μm, prepared at reaction temperature 200 °C and reaction time 48 hours, were chosen for electrical characterization. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) from 300 – 400 K and 20 Hz – 2 MHz, revealed presence of non-ideal Debye type behaviour in BaMnO 3 samples and was attributed to the presence of heterogeneity in the sample. The heterogeneity was explained on the basis of “brick layer model”. In BaMnO 3 nanorods sample, on the basis of extracted capacitance values, two electro-active regions were investigated i.e., dominant grain boundaries and sample-electrode interfaces. No indication from the bulk effect was observed. Experimental results were fitted using equivalent circuit model (R gb Q gb )( R e Q e ). The ac and dc conduction mechanisms in BaMnO 3 pellets can be explained by correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model and Poole– Frenkel conduction mechanism respectively. While IS analysis of bulk BaMnO 3 sample revealed that different electro-active regions such as grain, grain boundary and sample- electrode interface exist that overlapped with each other in the applied frequency domain. These results were also modelled via a best fit equivalent circuit model (R g C g )(R gb Q gb )(R e Q e ) and the response from different overlapped electro-active regions were separated. The ac conductivity obeys CBH model for bulk BaMnO 3 sample. Uptake of PEGylated BaMnO 3 NPs alone and loaded with photosensitizer (5-ALA) were examined on Hep2c cell lines. It was observed that PEGylated BaMnO 3 NPs loaded with 5-ALA has higher uptake as compared to 5-ALA. The high uptake was attributed to large surface area of BaMnO 3 NPs. It was also observed that BaMnO 3 NPs are non-toxic when administrated to Hep2c cell lines. BaMnO 3 nanofibers were synthesized for the first time using ES technique. Effect of different polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) concentration on uniformity and homogeneity of nanofibers was investigated.