Carrot (Daucus carota L.) having a family of Umbelliferea, is a winter crop and is used fresh or in processed form throughout the world. For early carrot production, problem of seed germination exists due to high temperature at the start of August in Punjab, Pakistan. To cope with the issue, a comprehensive research was performed at Institute of Horticultural Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The present study had focused to enhance high temperature tolerance in carrot seed that resulted in better germination by using pre-sowing seed treatments. For the purpose, Seeds of carrot cultivar T-29 were primed with various concentrations of different chemicals, i.e GA3, Kinetin, IAA, SA, KNO3 or with distilled water, and evaluated in laboratory (35±2 oC) in comparison with unprimed seeds (control)to optimize the best concentration (priming dose) from each chemical under high temperature stress (35±2 oC) in term of final germination percentage and other related traits. Pre-sowing seed treatments significantly improved almost all the parameters under study i.e., SA 0.1 mM followed by GA3 0.05 mM and KNO3 50 mM showed promising results for seed germination and seedling vigour related attributes. Two best performing doses from each chemical, which gave maximum germination under high temperature stress in Laboratory, were selected for field evaluation. Seed inoculation was also performed with azotobactor. Thereafter, primed, inoculated and unprimed seeds tested in the field under RCBD and treatment means were analyzed. All the pre-sowing seed treatments enhanced the final emergence percentage. Carrot root quality (colour, diameter, weight and length), sugars (reducing, non-reducing and total sugars, TSS) ascorbic acid contents, antioxidants enzyme activities, malondialdehyde contents, total phenolic, total antioxidants, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency of plants were positively improved by pre-sowing seed treatments, SA 0.1 mM performed the best followed by GA3 0.05 mM. In the field condition, maximum emergence (33.2%) was achieved with GA3 0.05 mM followed by SA 0.1 mM 30.5%, priming treatments in comparison with control (14.8%), while carrot root yield was enhanced upto (2.82 kg/12.5 ft2 against 0.1 mM SA priming treatment) as compared to unprimed seeds (1.72 kg/12.5 ft2). It was revealed that carrot seed priming with SA 0.1 mM solution and/ or GA3 0.05 mM solution could be a good strategy for enhancing emergence with healthy seedlings and establishment as well as further growth and production of early carrot crop at high temperature.
پرانے زمانے دی گل اے کہ اک پنڈ دے لوک بہت ای ظالم سن۔ خاص طور تے اوہ پرندیاں دا شکار کردے۔ درختاں اتے چڑھ کے اوہناں دے آہلنیاںوچوں انڈے یاں بچے کڈھ لیندے سن۔ ایس پنڈ دے باہر اک بہت وڈا بوڑھ دا درخت سی۔ اوتھے اک طوطے نے آہلنا پایا۔ اک طوطا تے طوطی گلاں کردے نیں طوطا طوطی نوں آکھدا اے:
طوطیے من موتیے ایس نگری نہ جا
ایس نگری دے جٹ برے نیں پھائیاں لیندے پاء
اگوں طوطی جواب دیندی اے:
طوطیا من موتیا ٹاہلی میرے بچڑے لک ٹنوں ٹنوں
اوہناں دے دو چھوٹے بچے وی ہوندے نیں۔ طوطا آکھدا اے کہ میں پنڈ جاندا ہاں تاں جے بچیاں لئی کجھ کھاون لئی لے آواں۔ طوطی آکھدی اے۔
طوطیا من موتیا ٹاہلی میرے بچڑے لک ٹنوں ٹنوں
میں اپنے بچیاں نوں چھڈ کے نئیں جا سکدی جے میرے بچیاں نوں کجھ ہو گیا تاں میرا لک ٹٹ جاوے گا۔ میں مر جاواں گی۔ طوطا جان لگدا اے تے طوطی آکھدی اے۔ کہ توں ایس نگری نہ جا۔ ایس نگری دے لوک بہت برے نیں۔ اوہ تینوں قید کر لین گے تے جے تینوں کجھ ہو گیا تاں ساڈا کیہ بنے گا۔ طوطا ایہہ گل سن کے چپ کر کے بہہ جاندا اے۔ اوہ ٹاہلی تے بیٹھے ہوندے نیں تے جیہڑا وی مسافر ٹاہلی دے کولوں لنگھ دا اے۔ اوہ ایہو آکھدی اے۔
ٹاہلی میرے بچڑے لک ٹنوں ٹنوں
اک دن اک راہ گیر دھپ توں بچن لئی ٹاہلی تھلے بہہ جاندا اے۔ اوہدے کول روں ہوندا اے۔ طوطی روں ویکھ کے اوس نوں آکھدی اے۔
Within the global financial system, Islamic banks have a small but growing share, and today they have become an integral part of the global financial system. Islamic banks in the world have been operating according to interest-free financing techniques, which are mainly developed on sharing of profits and losses in accordance with the difference principles between purchase and sale. However, the presentation of financial products in Turkey is conducted by ‘participation banks’ operating according to Islamic rules. Participation banks play a vital role in economic development by gaining the unused funds to the economy. This study will examine the performance of the participation banks operating in Turkey and their increasing share in the Turkish finance sector will be assessed. The work sheet will contain three demands: First: Islamic banks and the difference between them and the definition of riba-based banks. Second: The history of Islamic banks in Turkey. Third: The role of Islamic banks in the sustainable development of the Turkish economy.
Violence among students is a serious problem, especially in public schools. It is difficult to achieve the standardized level of education in public schools without lessening violence among students, since violence makes it difficult for students to learn regardless of how good the teachers or curriculum are. Although the students who involve in violence cannot be expected better results, they however undergo the consequences, either the harm that comes from being maltreated or the punishment that comes from being the aggressor. The aim of the study was to investigate the types of violence among students, the reasons behind this violence and the teachers? strategies to control this violence. It was a descriptive study with survey design. All the male secondary school teachers (769) of District Sialkot were the population of the study. For taking inferences and generalization data was collected through 304 randomly selected male secondary school teachers.After the validation by experts and considering the content validity ratio of items a questionnaire was used to collect data. Analysis of data were drawn by using descriptive (Frequency & Mean) as well as inferential statistics (T-Test & Anova). The study reveal students? violence of calling bad names, quarrelling with fellows, using others? belongings without consent, abusing, threatening others, grabbing writing material of other students and slapping other students have witnessed by the teachers in the schools. The study found psychological problems and moral issues, economic problems in the families of students, parenting style and teacher behavior as causes of violence among students. Counseling, warning and informing to head teachers are found best strategies respectively. Schools are supposed to provide learning supportive environment which surely influence students? attitude. There is family on one side who plays very important role in student development while on the other hand school also has equally important role in building the character of students.