The thesis has addressed one central question: what are the implications of Sino-US relations post 9/11 for Pakistan’s security. The thesis maintains that amicable Sino-US relations would enhance Pakistan’s security, while Sino-US rivalry would erode Pakistan’s security. Within this context, Sino-US competition post 9/11 has diminished Pakistan’s security at the domestic and regional levels. Theories of realism, neo-realism and complex interdependence provide an interesting theoretical framework to explore underlying features of Sino-US bilateral relations post 9/11. Sino-US relations at the strategic, political and economic relations can be explained on the basis of realism, neo-realism and complex interdependence. Ever since the 18th century, Sino-US relations exhibited both conflict and cooperation. In the geo-strategic environment of the post 9/11 era, China’s rise to power in Asia has made Sino-US relations complex. A broad convergence of interests has prevailed in the US-China relations to maintain stability at the international level, yet divergences have developed at the strategic and economic levels in the Asia-Pacific region. Sino-US economic interdependence and trade has marked mutual stakes. Within this context, the US pivot Asia strategy of global forward defence and the Chinese counter balancing move of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has held implications for Pakistan’s security post 9/11. Sino-US relations post 9/11 has had strong implications for Pakistan’s domestic and regional security. At the domestic level, Sino-US competition has eroded Pakistan’s security through increasing political violence and reducing socio-political cohesion in the country. At the regional level, Sino-US competition has diminished Pakistan’s security vis a vis India and Afghanistan. Where India is concerned, Sino-US rivalry has increased Pakistan’s traditional rivalry with India, reduced India-Pakistan deterrence stability and weakened Pakistan’s stance on Kashmir. However, the Indo-US strategic nexus has allowed China to forge a strategic partnership with Pakistan. Pakistan’s security vis a vis Afghanistan has suffered due to the spill-over affect of Afghan instability and militancy into the western border of Pakistan. India-Afghanistan Strategic Partnership has further deteriorated Pakistan’s relations with Afghanistan.
دیباچہ اللہ کے نام سے ابتداکرتا ہوں جو نہایت مہربان ،نہایت رحم کرنے والا ہے۔ تمام تعریفیں اللہ کی بابرکت ذات کے لیے ہیں جو لائقِ حمد وثنا ہے اور درودو سلام آپ صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم اور آپ صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کی آل پر جن کے صدقے مجھ حقیر کو موقع ملا کہ ’’ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کی علمی و ادبی خدمات‘‘ پر تحقیق کر سکوں ۔اللہ تعالیٰ نے اس تحقیقی کام کوتکمیل آشنا کرنے کی توفیق عطا فرمائی،اس لیے اس پاک ذات کا جتنا بھی شکرادا کروں کم ہے۔ اُسی ذات نے دورانِ تحقیق آنے والی مشکلات کو دور کیا۔ رفاہ انٹرنیشنل یونی ورسٹی فیصل آباد کیمپس میں جن محنتی ، لائق اساتذہ کی سرپرستی میں کام کرنے کا موقع ملا؛ اُن میں ڈاکٹر آنسہ اعوان، ڈاکٹر منظور احمد طاہر، ڈاکٹر آصف اعوان ، ڈاکٹر جمیل اصغر، اخلاق حیدر آبادی اور فاروق بیگ کے نام نمایاں ہیں۔ انھیں ہستیوں کی شفقت کی بدولت طلبا میں علم کی شمع روشن ہے۔ ڈاکٹرشہزاداحمد شعبہ نعت کے نامور محقق ہیں،اس لیے میں نے اس موضوع کو مبارک خیال کرتے ہوئے کام کرنے کاارادہ کرلیا۔اس کے بعد کے مراحل میں میرے اُستادفاروق بیگ نے میری بھرپور راہنمائی فرمائی۔ میرا یہ مقالہ پانچ ابواب پر مشتمل ہے ۔ ’’ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد: احوال و آثار‘‘میں موصوف کے نجی احوال ، نعتیہ خدمات، تخلیقات اور شخصیت کے نمایاں پہلوئوں کا احاطہ کیا گیا ہے۔ باب دوم ـ’’ شہزاداحمد بطور محقق و نقاد‘‘میں ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کے پی ایچ ڈی کے مقالے ’’اُردو نعت پاکستان میں‘‘ کا تحقیقی جائزہ پیش کیا ہے اس کے بعد اُن کے مضامین میں رنگِ تنقید کو نمایاں کرنے کی سعی کی گئی ہے۔ باب سوم’’ڈاکٹر شہزاداحمدبطور مدون ومدیر ‘‘میں اُن کی مرتب کردہ مختلف کلیات اور کتب کی روشنی میں بحیثیت مدون اُن...
Two things human beings to reflect and the reconciliation between these statements and the lines can extract with ease. That man did not know about any of those things and goods through the universe, the Qurʾān said. Secondly, it has been in the material world of the universe, it can be concluded that so far, just being by God and is not without any reason that, in other words, each vowel (cause) and effect (effect) the highest (Purpose) is necessarily driven, and every step of every object in the universe and is the result of the three-member process.
Multigrid method belong to the class of methods that are used for numerical solution of discretized differential equations with superior performance. Multigrid methods were specifically designed for the solution of discretized elliptic Partial Differential Equations earlier. The method was later broaden in different ways to handle other Equations earlier. The method was later broaden in different ways to handle other PDE problems, including nonlinear ones, as well as problems not modeled by PDEs. Multigrid methods use relaxation schemes to damp the high frequency eigenvalues, we use a modified relaxation scheme RUB-Jacobi as our core relaxation scheme. The discussion is broaden to the variable coarsening and comparing them with the standard ones. To achieve accuracy complete Local Fourier Analysis have been established for two Dimensions for a tripling case. In the end complete performance analysis is given with the help of suitable experiments. These experiments are extended to d dimension