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Home > Sino-Us Strategic Interests in the Post Cold War Era: A Case Study of Asia-Pacific

Sino-Us Strategic Interests in the Post Cold War Era: A Case Study of Asia-Pacific

Thesis Info

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Author

Shah, Hikmat

Program

PhD

Institute

International Islamic University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2020

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

International Relations

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/14352/1/Hikmat%20shah%20IR%202020%20iiui%20isb%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725019198

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The Asia-Pacific region blusters over half of the globe’s population and as residue of major powers centre including the main arteries of international economies like India, China and Australia etc. Due to its dynamism, there are plausible reasons that Asia-Pacific would emanate as the mother region in the coming days. Historically, with the concurrence of US, Japan and Australia, the concept of Asia-Pacific emerged which has legalized the US’ involvement in the issues related to East Asia. In plain term, Asia-Pacific region invokes Asia, Australia and West Coast of North America for its potentials to crop up as a galvanic force. Strategically, covering 22 percent of world land, Asia-Pacific is one of the important and eloquent regions that comprises three well developed Economic Powers of the World i.e. China, Japan and US. In addition, the region encompasses world''s six largest ports and six vital Sea Lanes of Communications i.e. straits of Makassar, South China Sea, Lombok, Malacca, Ombai - Wetar and Sunda. Due to the US’ involvement in Afghanistan and Iraq, Chinese managed to fill the vacuum and improve its economic ties with its Southeast Asian neighbours. China has the economic and technological influence all over the world with approximately 6 % average annual growth rate and an anticipation of taking over the economies of Japan and US by 2016 and 2039 respectively. However, rise of China coupled with its outreach to the global markets poses a consistent challenge to the US’ dominance hence emerges as a key challenge of 21st century to US’ interests at global and regional levels. As a result of which, US’ policy has been re-patronized towards Asia-Pacific for maintaining and expanding security network, strengthening the economic relations with her new and old allies and concurrently focuses on containment of China. In addition, US’ rebalancing has been claimed to strengthen bilateral security alliances with its allies, expanding trade and investment, promotion of democracy and human rights but China views the pivot as containment strategy and provocation act. Asia-pivot, a major shift in American policy shows that America has already started to calculate its options for dominating the region, both politically and militarily. US has been increasing its military components to reach to 60 % of total force ratio in Asia-Pacific region by 2020. In addition, US has been giving military assistances to Japan, Vietnam, Philippines etc in support of their territorial disputes against China. Amidst these developments, US-China engagement in Asia-Pacific and subsequent power transition have surfaced complications for regional states relations. Keeping in view the likely power transition between China and US, the difference in the Sino-US power potentials shall persist for coming 30 years but it will be reduced to some extent however, conflict cannot be completely ruled out as and when China attains power parity with the US. The rise of China was also examined in detail, providing an overview of how China’s role evolved in this regard and how the international community responded to this phenomenon. The perceptions of Sino-US relations are grounded in the intent and subjective understandings of each other’s interests and compulsions. These perceptions can easily determine how best the two states interpret each other’s actions in the wake of China’s rise and US Rebalancing of Asia-Pacific. In wholesome Sino-US cooperation in power transition and maintenance of friendly relations is the only option because why both the states should afford to engage themselves in conflict. In addition to adding new contribution to the existing body of literature, this research will help the readers to attain an understanding of the major issues of contention and convergence between China and US in the region. The contribution will be of significance nature in creating a framework within which Chinese and American regional policies can be understood and may serve as reference for policy makers and students of international politics.
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پروفیسرخواجہ حمیدالدین شاہدؔ

پروفیسر خواجہ حمید الدین شاہد
پروفیسر خواجہ حمید الدین شاہد نے ۲۲؍ اکتوبر ۲۰۰۱؁ء کو ۵ بجے شام کراچی میں وفات پائی، وہ اردو کے مشہور ادیب، محقق، صحافی اور شاعر تھے، پاکستان جانے سے پہلے وہ ’’ادارۂ ادبیات اردو‘‘ حیدرآباد کے تمام کاموں میں پیش پیش اور ادارے کے روح رواں ڈاکٹر سیدمحی الدین قادری کے دست راست رہے، عرصے تک ماہ نامہ ’’سب رس‘‘ کے مدیر بھی رہے۔
مرحوم نے عثمانیہ یونیورسٹی کے مختلف کالجوں میں اردو کے استاد کی حیثیت سے بھی نمایاں خدمات انجام دیں، اردو میں انہوں نے جو تصانیف یادگار چھوڑی ہیں ان میں ’’ارمغان امجد‘‘، ’’مثنوی تصویر جاناں‘‘ مصنفہ لچھمی نرائن شفیق ’’اردو میں سائنسی ادب‘‘، ’’رسالہ محمود خوش وہاں‘‘ اور ’’حیدرآباد کے شاعر‘‘ قابل ذکر ہیں۔ ۱۹۴۰؁ء میں ادارۂ ادبیات اردو کی دس سالہ سرگرمیوں کی مبسوط تاریخ ’’سرگذشت ادارہ‘‘ کے نام سے مرتب کی تھی جو وہاں سے شائع ہوچکی ہے، اس کے علاوہ رسالوں میں ادبی و تحقیقی مضامین بھی لکھتے رہے، شاعر بھی تھے لیکن کوئی مجموعہ شائع نہیں ہوا۔
پاکستان منتقل ہونے کے بعد بھی حیدرآباد اور ادارۂ ادبیات اردو ان کے دل و دماغ پر چھایا رہتا تھا۔ اپنے مکان کا نام ’’ایوان اردو‘‘ رکھا اور کراچی سے ماہنامہ ’’سب رس‘‘ جاری کیا اور اس کا ’’زور نمبر‘‘ کا اور حیدرآباد کی طرح کراچی میں بھی وہ اردو کی خدمت اور فروغ کے لیے سرگرم عمل رہے، بہادر یار جنگ اکیڈمی سے بھی تعلق تھا۔ اﷲتعالیٰ اردو زبان و ادب کے اس مخلص خادم کی مغفرت فرمائے اور ان کے اعزہ و اقربا کو صبر جمیل کی توفیق بخشے۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، جنوری ۲۰۰۲ء)

غریب الحدیث کی مشہور کتابوں کے مناہج تألیف کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Methodical codification of “Gharib ul Hadith” books started during second century. Abu Ubaida Mua‘mmar bin Muthanna, an Iraqi scholar, pioneered the field. Afterwards numerous scholars have written books on “Gharib ul Hadith” but they followed different methodologies for their compositions. Some of them have written Hadith's disorderly, and then explained all Gharib words appearing in the Hadith. This method appears in most part of their writings. Some of the scholars have observed jurisprudential method for their creations. Others followed methodology of explaining Gharibwords by organizing Hadith's; first from Prophet Muhammad, then from sahabas (companions of Prophet Muhammad s.a.w), and finally from Taba’een (immediate followers). However, some sorted Hadith in alphabetical order. This research article presented a detailed analytical review of different methodologies adopted in famous “Gharib ul Hadith” Books.

Exploring the Current Classroom Assessment Practices of Early Childhood Education Teachers in Public and Private Schools of Hunza, Gilgit Baltistan: A Study from Teachers Perspectives

This study sought to explore the current classroom assessment practices of early childhood education (ECE) teachers in the public and private schools of Hunza-Gilgit-Baltistan. A total of 125 ECE teachers responded to the cross sectional survey questionnaire, 28 from public, and 97 from private with the use of cluster-convenient sampling in three regions of Hunza. The pertinent themes covered in this include purpose of using current classroom assessment, the methods\approaches used in ECE classrooms, and the alignment of assessment with National Curriculum for Early Childhood Education 2007. The tool was adapted from a study conducted in New Zealand and was further modified in this study to meet the contextual relevancy. Document analysis was also carried out along with the questionnaire. SPSS-20 was used to analyze data by computing the percentages, mean scores, and pair sample t-test for comparison between perceptions of ECE teachers of public and private school systems. The results were tabulated additionally by using MS-EXCEL. The finding of the study reveal that for the sample ECE teachers, the purpose of doing the assessment was to know children’s strength and weaknesses, to know the levels of children’s learning, and to modify/adjust teaching. However, they were less likely to consider providing information to parents about their children as a purpose of doing an assessment. The sample teachers used a variety of assessment methods, including samples of children’s work, Checklists, and observations to assess children. The least popular method among ECE teachers for assessing children in the classroom was worksheets and paper pencil test. The Significant differences between teachers from the private and public sector were found on the level of confidence in assessing children. Teachers from the private sector felt more confident in assessing children’s day-to-day learning, providing feedback to parents, and getting information from parents as compared to teachers from the public sector. However, the results of the document analysis show that the most frequent used assessment methods were tests, worksheets, report card and samples of children’s work, while observations and portfolios were less frequent. It is recommended that a qualitative research aspect can be added to obtain in-depth insights to the current assessment practices through observations and detailed interviews with the teachers. Furthermore, a training assessment should be provided to ECE teachers to learn the skills of linking assessment, planning and teaching together, using daily routines to gather observational data on children’s achievement/needs and matching the purpose of