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Home > Social Support As Determinant of Social Isolation and Loneliness Among Senior Citizens

Social Support As Determinant of Social Isolation and Loneliness Among Senior Citizens

Thesis Info

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Author

Naz Gul, Salma

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Peshawar

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Home Economics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13104/1/Salma_Naz_Gul.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725024987

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The present research is planned to find out the relationship between social support, social isolation and loneliness among older adults. Factors like gender, age, residential status (i.e. rural and urban), marital status, family system, socio economic status, and education were also taken into consideration. The study was carried out in two Phases. First Phase was further comprised of two steps. In first step of Phase-I, two scales of the present study i.e. 6-Item (short) De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (1985) and 6-item (short) scale developed by Hawthorne (2006) was used in order to assess social isolation. These scales were translated into Urdu language in order to derive more natural responses from the participants. Standardized back translation procedure was used for the translation of the measures. Moreover, the Urdu version of Social Support Scale developed by Malik (2002) was also used in current study. Second step of Phase-I was accounted for the assurance of psychometric soundness of the scales. A sample of 75 older adults, conveniently approached, was used to ensure the alpha reliabilities along with other descriptive analyses. Phase-II of the present study was planned for hypotheses testing. Purposive convenient sampling technique was used to draw the sample of 500 older adults from both urban and rural areas of the various districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. An appropriate statistical analysis according to the new version of SPSS was used to draw conclusions. The age of the sample ranged from 60 to 90 years (M = 67.59, SD = 7.54). Alpha coefficients, for the all variable were computed, which ranged between. 60 for social loneliness to. 96 for social support total scale. This indicates that reliabilities are found to be satisfactory for various scales of the study. Linear regression analysis revealed that overall social support is significant negative predictor of social loneliness, emotional loneliness, overall loneliness, and social isolation. In order to examine the effect of the sub constructs of social support on outcome variables the multiple regression analysis was computed which demonstrated instrumental support and tangible aid as significant negative predictors of social isolation. Emotional support and social network support were found to be the significant predictors of social loneliness, emotional loneliness, overall loneliness, and social isolation, whereas esteem support negatively predicted social loneliness, emotional loneliness, and social isolation. Significant gender differences were found on social support and its sub constructs, whereas significant difference on all study variables were also observed for x residential status (i.e. urban or rural), age, and socio economic status. Marital status further demonstrated significant difference on emotional loneliness, overall loneliness, social isolation, and various constructs of social support. Limitations of the present study, suggestions for future empirical endeavors, and both practical as well as theoretical implications of current study have also been discussed.
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قندیلِ محبت کے دیے نعت کے الفاظ


قندیلِ محبت کے دیئے نعت کے الفاظ
چمکے ہیں دل و جاں میں مرے نعت کے الفاظ

آیاتِ مقدُس میں ملے نعت کے الفاظ
قرآن کے الفاظ بنے نعت کے الفاظ

دل اہلِ قلم کا ہوا سرشار خوشی سے
قرطاس پہ جس وقت لکھے نعت کے الفاظ

گل ہائے عقیدت کی ہے مہکار سرِ بزم
پھولوں کی طرح لب پہ کھلے نعت کے الفاظ

اس مشقِ سخن کی ہے جزا کوثر و تسننیم
میزان پہ خود بول پڑے نعت کے الفاظ

اعمال کے دفتر کی مجھے خوب خبر تھی
بخشش کا وسیلہ ہی بنے نعت کے الفاظ

الفاظ کی پرواز کوئی جامی سے پوچھے
خود جا نہ سکے اُڑ کے گئے نعت کے الفاظ

بوصیریٔ بیمار شفا یاب ہوئے تھے
جب جانِ مسیحاؐ نے سُنے نعت کے الفاظ

اللہ کی رحمت نے کیا صاحبِ دیوان
عرفانؔ کی خواہش تھی کہے نعت کے الفاظ

خواجہ محمد خلیل رحمۃ اللہ علیہ حیات، علمی، ادبی و تصنیفی خدمات

Khuwaja Muhammad Khalil Khan (R.A) was born in 1920 A.D In Aligarh and completed his Islamic Education under Syed Amjad Ali Azmi, he was among of the prominent contemporary in the Literarily History of Subcontinent. His masterly work as reformer in the major fields of Islamic Sciences show his profound approach to them. He wrote on jurisprudence, Commentary on Hadith, Doctrines, and on societal problems. Of which few books are prescribed for syllabus at national and international seminaries. He led the foundation of AHSAN UL BARKAT in Hyderabad which is spring of scholars. His areas of studies comprises on different fields of Islamic Studies. His remarkable work on the particular fields also reflects his deep study on it. The aim of this paper is to produce before muslim ummah the unparalleled services of this great Hanafi scholar of Sindh; Khuwaja Muhammad Khalil Khan (RA) not only proved himself as a distinguished jurist, but also regarded as an authority by the scholars of the Pak o Hind, who used to refer him for the solution of religious problems.

Modeling and Analytical of Thin Film Fluid Flows Past Stretching Surfaces

The time reliant two part motion and thermal features of a finite domain particular quantity of matter in a permeable and impermeable space past an expanding space in touch with the impact of viscousness loss are analyzed. The target of the explo ration is to describe the features of finite domain particular quantity of matter and pores features in the existence of unchanged referencing temperature and concentra tion which fully disturb the movement lines, creates altering in the coldness/hotness processes and concentration species. Due to the importance of thermal conductivity and viscosity, the potentialities of particles driven and emission of rays of a MHD two directional finite domain particular quantity with hotness and matter delivery movement with the existence of viscousness loss lying on an expanding space are also analyzed in which the actual attention of the theme is to describe the elegant role of the dispersion changeable features like heating conduction and viscousness. The heating conduction relates in direct relation as a linear correspondence with energy manifesting the feature that describes the capability of a substance to change hot ness and the viscousness manifests to find to change in inverse relation as a linear mapping of energy manifesting that interior forces go to weakness at the peak of energy. Thermophoresis lies to describe the quantity of matter accumulation at the space of an expanding space while heating radiation lies, especially, on keeping peak position of energy. The impacts of Brownian movement and thermophoresis on a magnetohydrodynamic finite domain particular quantity of tiny matter movement accompanying Hall current and heating delivery past an expanding space exhibits that the Hall current yields the various effects associated with the flow of electric cur rent through thin film, studying two dimensions medium in three dimensions space. The zigzag movement generates direct solid-solid transfer of energy from one entity to the next entity, yielding an elevation in thermal conductivity. The exploration of intensified agent finite domain particular quantity with tiny particles dispersion CuO-H2O coated on an expanding body accompanying change of heat presents the interesting feature manifesting that the coating rate is a mapping of finite quantity of matter. In another study the joint convection in gravitational force prevailing non Newtonian tiny particles dispersion finite quantity of matter (Casson and Williamson) movement persisting the two things namely tiny particles and small organisms on a convectively hot space lying at right angle is attempted. The unique occupied tiny particles dispersion equations with extra informations are tackled to investigate the finite quantity of matter. The scenario views an analytical progress to the particular finite quantity of matter bioconvection resisting on physical system nominating for the tiny particles and the background dispersion, like zigzag movement and thermophore sis. The two dispersions keep almost the similar features for the reactions of the total active representative without the impact of one representative on the small organism saturation mapping in which the impact remains in converse. The basic governing ex pressions for the movement, energy, concentration and microorganism concentration utilized in the respective problems have been transformed to the peak different order coupled derivable statements accompanying physical informations by recalling the re quired similarity substitutions. The evaluation of the problems has been achieved via treating HAM (Homotopy Analysis Method). The heating and quantity of matter delivery features are endorsed to significant regime of the finite quantity of matter. In some problems results are checked comparatively with the practical work exist in the published papers manifesting a great precision in particular, in exploring impor tant industrial engineering quantities. The physical potentialities of finite quantity of matter representative and the remaining representatives are tested in curves and explained. The error due to h graphs and error due to h tables in some problems elucidate the authentication of the relevant problems.