۹قرآنی استفہامی اسلوب کے مقاصد
قرآن مجید میں خدا اور مخلوق کے تعلق کو واضح کرنے کے لئے انسانی زبان میں سے زیادہ تر الفاظ بطور انداز بیان، مصطلحات اور استعارے استعمال کئے گئے ہیں ، یہی وجہ ہے کہ اس کا اسلوب بیان بھی انسانی فکر و نظر اور ذوق سلیم کے مطابق ہے۔ یعنی قرآن مجید کا یہ منفرد اندازِ بیان ہر نفس کو فرداً فرداً یکساں طور پر متاثر کرتا ہے اور پڑھتے وقت یہی باور کراتا ہے کہ قرآن اس کے قلب پر نازل ہو رہا ہے۔ قرآن مجید کے مختلف اسالیب کی طرف خود اللہ تعالیٰ نے ارشاد فرما یا :
"نَحْنُ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ اَحْسَنَ الْقَصَصِ بِمَآ اَوْحَيْنَـآ اِلَيْكَ هٰذَا الْقُرْاٰنَ" ۔[[1]]
" (اے محمدؐ) ہم اس قرآن کو تمہاری طرف وحی کر کے بہترین پیرائے میں واقعات اور حقائق تم سے بیان کرتے ہیں"۔
قرآن حکیم کو دینی فیوض و برکات کے ساتھ ساتھ زبان و بیان اور منفرد اسلوب کے لحاظ سے بھی دنیائے علم و ادب میں غیر معمولی عظمت و بڑائی کا شرف حاصل ہے اور کفار‘ منکرین حق اور مشرکین کے فصحا و حکماء نور حق سے نابینا اور لذت و وحدت سے ناآشنا ہونے کے باوجود قرآن مجید فرقان حمید کی ادبی لسانی خوبیوں کا اعتراف کرنے پر مجبور ہو گئے تھے۔تاریخی شواہد سے یہ بات واضح ہوجاتی ہے کہ قرآن کریم کے نزول کے بعد بڑے بڑے ادباء وشعراء کی زبانوں پرمہر لگ گئی۔ اس کی ایک عمدہ مثال جاہلی دور کے شاعر معلقات لبید بن ربیعہ ہے جس کے شعروں پر اس کے معاصرین نے کئی بار سجدۂ تہنیت کیا اور اُسے خراج تحسین سے نوازا، اور وہی شاعر...
The concept of time management is practice from decades. Time management has grabbed the attention of many scholars and there were many writings and analysis made. Time management is an important issue of human life as you cannot add more hours in a day, you have to plan yourself with the limitation of time. Islam focuses on the time management so that a believer should balance his life (spiritually, socially and economically). Islamic teachings are dynamic in their approach, they teach Muslim from every aspect of life and allow them to spend their time productively. Islam’s main focus is on the planning and organizing the time and our main focus is to depict what Islam teaches about time management and how it is practiced in the world. Then conventional methods of management are similar to the Islamic teachings.
Large applications spectrum largely hangs on physicochemical and biological properties of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) which vary with changing particles size. The unique properties of Ag-NPs are responsible for large uses in consumer‘s product and industry. Keeping in view the importance, Ag-NPs were grown through chemical and biological reduction. Formaldehyde was reducing agent in chemical route whereas, the lemon extract was in biological route. SEM images suggest agglomeration of small, grain like and spherical Ag-NPs in both routes. Particles were 16.59 nm mean size in chemical route 42.93 nm in biological route. Ranges of particles were 5-80 nm in chemical route and between 5-100 nm in biological method. The FT-IR spectra confirmed the particles were amine coated in chemical route. This study documented the proof of high profile of nutrients, minerals, total phenolic in garlic (40.80 ±2 .91 mg GAE/100 g) and flavonoid content (4.59 ± 1.28 mg RE/100 g). These components enable garlic to ameliorate a stress which is oxidative in nature. To record this capability, free radicals were emolyed including ABTS, FRAP and DPPH ABTS. Garlic exhibited significantly different scavenging of these radicals with values of starting from 35.22 ± 6.63 for FRAP, 28.82 ± 11.61 for DPPH and 231.64 ± 25.02 mg vitamin C equivalent for ABTS when determined per 100 g sample. In next study phase, effect on haematology, tissue alterations and oxidative stress posed by these particles were quantified. For this purpose, Labeo rohita (L. rohita) (50 ± 5 g weight, 29 ± 09 cm in length) was used. Six treatments were maintained in three replicates having 5 fishes in each replicate. First treatment was used as control and other five treatments were exposed to 10, 20, 30, 45 and 55 mgL-1 respectively for 28 days. Samples were randomly collected from each treatment on 7th, 14th and 28th day. Ag-NPs caused oxidative stress, significant haematological changes, gills and liver alterations. Liver and gill antioxidant system respond to elevated level of oxidative stress and changed the enzymatic level. Activity of CAT flucated at different concentrations and time intervals. Ag-NPs also stimulated production of SOD to increase the activity. The low dose also stimulated the synthesis and enhanced activity of GST in response to electrophilic toxic Ag-NPs. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was slightly higher in liver compared to gill possibly due to involvement of liver in detoxification process. Elevated level of GSH showed that liver started defensive mechanism against the oxyraidcals. Ag-NPs also produced genotoxicity in test fish. This genotoxicity was assessed through comet and micronuclei assay. An increase in both comet and micronuclei was recorded in dose dependant manner which proved the genotoxicity of Ag-NPs. Elevated frequency of comet was recorded at 55 mgL-1 and same was in case of nuclear alterations (16.34 ± 2.71 %) and micronuclei (6.35 ± 1.34 %). The Ag-NPs also induced pathological changes in gills tissue and 10 mg L-1 Ag-NPs treatment induced fusion of secondary lamellae and separation of gill epithelium where treatment of 20 to 55 mg L-1 produced deformation, fusion and necrosis of lamellar cells, Hyperplasia, deformed cartilaginous skeleton, separation and lifting of epithelium, curling of lamellae. In liver, Ag-NPs created abnormality in hepatic tissues reducing the size of cells and nuclei. At lowest concentration, the hepatocytes began to swell where, higher concentrations accumulated condensed nuclear and pycnotic nuclei. The particles further caused cognitive enlargement of lysosomes, reduction in size of hepatocytes and stimulated production of necrotic and apoptotic bodies. In last part of study, ameliorated role of nano-ceria and garlic was determined against Ag-NPs induced toxicity. The Ag-NPs (25 mgL-1) and nano-ceria (50 μg kg-1) were given through water and prepared feed respectively. Results demonstrated that pre-treatment of nano-ceria recovered the L. rohita from Ag-NPs induce toxicity and oxidative stress. The nano-ceria pre-treatment actively restored the activity of GST, GSH CAT and SOD. It also reduced the level of lipid peroxidation. Further, pre-treatment also improved the haematological parameters, gill and liver tissue structure against Ag-NPs toxicity. Same was in case of garlic study. However, nano-ceria showed slightly higher ameliorated role compare to garlic. Further, garlic and nano-ceria showed better results of ameliorations in combined form compared to alone garlic and nano-ceria. This study concluded that, Ag-NPs induced toxicity and pre-treatment of nano-ceria and garlic recovered L. rohita from Ag-NPs induce toxicity and oxidative stress.