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Some Contributions to Scrambled Randomized Response Technique Using Auxiliary Variable for Parameters in Finite Population

Thesis Info

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Author

Saleem, Iram.

Program

PhD

Institute

National College of Business Administration and Economics

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017-12

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Statistics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9337/1/Iram%20Saleem-PhD.%20Final%20Thesis%20Document%28NCBA%26E%29.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725035909

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In this dissertation, some generalized scrambled randomized response models for sensitive characteristics have been proposed using two scrambling variables. Similarly, some regression, ratio, exponential, regression-cum-exponential, regression-cum-ratio and ratio in exponential estimators have been proposed to estimate population characteristics for sensitive surveys using auxiliary information. The estimators are proposed for simple random sampling design for both single-phase sampling and two-phase sampling. In Chapter 1, the discussion on sensitive surveys has been made. The techniques to collect information on sensitive characteristics such as randomized response and scrambled randomized response techniques have been introduced into more detail. Further, the use of auxiliary information and two-phase sampling have been illustrated. In Chapter 2, the review of literature regarding the use of auxiliary information in single-phase sampling and two-phase sampling have been discussed with the estimators developed by different statisticians for both sensitive and non-sensitive surveys. Various development on randomized response models in literature have also been presented. The major work of this dissertation start from Chapter 3. In this chapter, four generalized scrambled randomized response models have been proposed combining additive and multiplicative models. These four generalized models have been proposed using two scrambling variables with known distribution. The expressions of the mean, variance, covariance and correlation have been derived for each of the proposed models. Additionally, the privacy measure have been derived for some existing models presented in literature review and the proposed models. The privacy protection comparisons between existing models and proposed models have also been discussed. In Chapter 4, the generalized exponential-type estimators have been constructed using two auxiliary variables to estimate population mean of the sensitive variable. The bias and mean square error have been derived for each proposed estimator. To examine the performance of the proposed generalized estimators, the simulation study have been performed under the observed response using additive and proposed scrambled randomized response models. In Chapter 5, the regression, ratio, regression-cum-ratio, regression-cum exponential and ratio in exponential-type estimators have been proposed under two-phase sampling to estimator population mean of sensitive study variable. The estimators have been proposed for three cases of two-phase sampling such as full-information-case, partial-information-case and no-information-case. The x expressions of the bias and mean square error have been derived for each proposed estimator. Additionally, the simulation study has been conducted to examine the performance of estimator using additive and proposed models. To estimate the population variance of sensitive study variable, some exponential estimators have been proposed in Chapter 6. These estimators have been presented for both single-phase and two-phase sampling. In this chapter, the additive model is considered to estimate population variance. The expressions of the bias and mean square error have been derived. The simulation study have also been presented for both single-phase and two phase sampling.
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دلبر تے رکھ آس زیادہ

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دیکھنی پئے گی یاس زیادہ
کملا کردا گلاں فر فر
’’دانا کرے قیاس زیادہ‘‘
وچ لڑائیاں فائدے نالوں
ہوندی ستیا ناس زیادہ
مایوسی چھڈ رحمت رب تے
رکھے بندہ آس زیادہ
عاشق تسّے دید تری دے
ودھ گئی ڈھیر پیاس زیادہ
ڈردے لوک برائلر کولوں
شہدا سمجھن ماس زیادہ
صحبت بریاں لوکاں والی
مینوں نہیں ہے راس زیادہ

الخطاب الإسلامي ومآلاته على الإنسان معرفيا - سلوكيا - وجدانيا

هدفت الدراسة لدحض الأفكار المتجنية على الخطاب الإسلامي المتنوع، وذلك بالبرهنة على أنه لا توجد أمة انطلقت شموليا، دون الاعتماد على خطاب أصيل لا ينفصل عن اللغة الأم وأصولها، ولتعيين خلل التعثرات، ومساءلة التاريخ والواقع والذات عن مكامن النقص والضعف، ومساهمة في إيجاد الحلول، وتصحيح الذات والتشارك في الفضل، ثم التحرر من الهياكل والأفكار السلبية الموروثة والعمل على تخليقها. ودعت الدراسة الباحثين والعلماء إلى مركزة الخطاب الإسلامي ضمن أولوياتهم وأبحاثهم، نظرا لخصوصياته ومؤهلاته ومكانته الرمزية المستمدة من الكتاب والسنة، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة فقد زاوج الباحث بين المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والاستقرائي، مستعينا بعدة مصادر ومراجع في الموضوع للتوثيق والاستشهاد، مع إبداء الرأي في المواطن التي تستدعي ذلك، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: جدوى المراهنة على قدرات اللغة العربية وخطابها المتزن استيعابا للعلوم، وتوحيدا للأمة على كلمة السواء، رغبة في قوة التدين وتخليق الحياة.

Influence of Seed Priming on the Performance of Barely Varieties under Late Sown and Abiotic Stress Conditions

Abiotic stresses affect plant productivity by modulationg various physiological and biochemical processes. Studies were performed to evaluate the influence of seed priming on the performance of barley varieties under late sown and abiotic stress conditions. For this purpose, a series of experiments was conducted in field and green house of University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, and glass house of Texas A&M University, USA. In first pot experiment, seeds of two barley varieties (viz. Haider-93 and Frontier-87) primed with water (hydropriming), CaCl2 solution (osmopriming) and Enterobacter sp. strain FD17 culture (biopriming) were sown in pots. After seedling establishment, drought levels (viz. 80, 60 and 40% water holding capacity) were imposed. In second pot experiment, same varieties and seed priming treatments were followed except after seedling establishment salinity levels (viz. 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) were imposed. Third experiment was carried out in hydroponics. Seedlings were raised in sand filled polythene bags by using same varieties and seed priming treatments. After stand establishment seedlings were transplanted in hydroponics then, osmotic (-0.8 MPa using PEG) and ionic (-0.8 MPa using NaCl) stresses were imposed. In fourth experiment, same procedure was followed as in the third experiment except cadmium (Cd) toxicity stress levels (viz. 0, 8 and 12 mg L-1 water) were imposed. In fifth experiment, seeds of USA cultivar Solum were primed with water (hydropriming) and CaCl2 (osmopriming), and sown in pots. At reproductive stage two levels of heat stress viz. control (25/18°C day/night) and heat stress (35/25°C day/night) were applied. In all pot and hydroponics experiments dry seed was taken as control. The pot and hydroponics experiments were carried out using completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement having four replications, except fifth experiment in which six replications were used. In sixth experiment, same varieties and seed priming treatments, as in first pot experiment, were followed and sown in field at November 30 and December 30. The experiment was conducted by using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-split plot arrangement having four replications. In first and second experiments, drought and salinity decreased plant growth, yield and chlorophyll contents, and perturbed the water and nutrient relations; while, increased accumulation of osmolytes and lipid peroxidation in both barley varieties, as compared to control. Moreover, salinity increased the sodium (Na) accumulation while decreased potassium (K) accumulation. However, seed priming improved plant growth, yield, tissue water status, cell membrane stability, chlorophyll contents and accumulation of phenolics, total soluble proteins, free proline and glycine betaine contents while decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both varieties under stressed conditions, as compared to unprimed control. The gretest improvement in yield under drought was caused by biopriming; whereas, under moderate and severe salt stress by biopriming and osmopriming, respectively. Moreover, biopriming improved the grain zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and boron (B) contents. In third and fourth experiments, osmotic, salt as well as Cd stress decreased the seedling growth and dry biomass in both varieties while increased the osmolytes and lipid peroxidation, as compared to control. Moreover, NaCl salt stress and Cd stress increased Na and Cd contents in barley, respectively. However, seed priming enhanced seedling growth, fresh and dry biomass, chlorophyll contents, phenolics, total soluble proteins, free proline and glycine betaine contents while decreased MDA, Na and Cd contents under stressed conditions, as compared to unprimed control. Under osmotic and Cd stress biopriming was most effective, while, under salt stress osmopriming was superior in improving barley performance. In fifth experiment, terminal heat stress hampered the plant growth, yield, leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll photochemistry while increased the phenolics and lipid peroxidation, as compared to control. However, seed priming improved the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, carboxylation use efficiency (CUE), quantum yield of photosystem II (QY), electron transport rate (ETR), chlorophyll contents, phenolics and cell membrane stability while decreased MDA content under terminal heat stress, as compared to unprimed control, and osmopriming was superior in this regard. In sixth experiment, late sowing caused a reduction in emergence, growth, grain yield, dry matter accumulation, grain filling duration, chlorophyll contents, and grain crude protein and starch contents in both barley varieties, as compared to optimum sowing time. However, seed priming improved emergence, plant height, crop growth rate (CGR), total dry matter accumulation (TDM), leaf area index (LAI), grain filling rate, yield and related traits, and grain crude protein and starch contents under both optimum and late sowing, as compared to unprimed control. The greatest improvement was caused by osmopriming followed by biopriming. The economic analysis showed that late sowing decreased economic returns as well as benefit cost ratio (BCR) which was improved by seed priming treatments. Among all, biopriming caused maximum improvement in BCR and marginal rate of return (MRR). In all pot and field experiments, variety Haider-93 performed better than Fronteir-87. In conclusion, abiotic stresses and late sowing decreased the plant growth and yield by negatively affecting plant physiological processes. However, performance of barley varieties was effectively improved by seed priming treatments under stressed conditions by improving the water relations, nutrient relations, osmolytes accumulation, photosynthesis, chlorophyll contents and decreasing the lipid peroxidation under stressed conditions.