Telecommunication companies around the globe offering boundless features through wireline and wireless networks to consumers but legacy of telecommunication network is not fully capable to offer uninterrupted services and when dealing with bandwidth hungry applications. Under the influence of number of factors including; conventional network planning methods, lack of geospatial knowledge and legacy decision making approaches, telecom sector faces a host of problems those need an emergent resolution. A very tough competition, technological development and consumer churn have forced telecom operators to maximum utilization of installed networks. Telecom service providers now adopting systematical methodologies and strategic planning approaches to enhance service capabilities, expand network coverage, install modernized telecom networks and upgrade legacy networks to provide uninterrupted multi featured services efficiently. Telecom networks are usually at vast geographic area and spatial extant of networks need to deal with most suitable geo-spatial techniques. Geographic Information System (GIS) is widely used in telecom industry to deal the requirement of telecom networks sophisticatedly. Today welldeveloped GIS data models and tools support overall telecom operations especially outside plant management, network planning, decision making and network modeling up to port level. These network models also support in several business and operational capacities, right from network engineering designs, customer contact to many other operational and functional areas. This study reviewed utilization of various GIS techniques and methodologies in telecom network management, analysis, operations with integrated operational support and business support system for spatial network planning and optimal Gigabit Passive Optical Network engineering solution for Misri Shah telephone exchange of PTCL located in DHA phase-VI, Karachi. It is taken as a representative model in a mega city of 22 million populations. A valuable telecom network data from PTCL planning and development department, complain management system (CMS) data from operations, financial data from billing and customer care (B&CC), base map, and geographic data of consumer integrated with geodatabase model, to explore network status, identify network gapes, perform spatial analysis, display consumer profiling, highlight lucrative areas, determine customer demand, identify potential business areas, and spatial representation of Outside plant using geo-informatics techniques significantly.
آہ! ڈاکٹر غلام مصطفےٰ خاں زمیں کھا گئی آسماں کیسے کیسے (رفیق احمد خان) ’’جناب مشفق خواجہ کا غم ابھی تازہ ہی تھا کہ ڈاکٹر غلام مصطفےٰ خان اور ڈاکٹر سید معین الرحمن نے بھی داغ مفارقت دیا، یہ دونوں بزرگ علم و ادب کے آسمان پر مہر و ماہ بن کر ضوفشاں تھے، یقینا قارئین معارف رفیق احمد خاں صاحب کے ممنون ہوں گے کہ انہوں نے ان دونوں مقتدر علمی و ادبی شخصیتوں پر مقالہ سپرد قلم کیا، عتیق جیلانی صاحب کے بھی ہم ممنون ہیں کہ انہوں نے بھی ڈاکٹر غلام مصطفےٰ صاحب پر اپنے مضمون سے قارئین معارف کو متمتع ہونے کا موقع بخشا، قارئین معارف کو مشفق خواجہ صاحب پر بھی کسی پاکستانی صاحب قلم کے مضمون کا انتظار رہے گا‘‘۔ (ض) ڈاکٹر غلام مصطفےٰ خاں صاحب (م ۲۵؍ ستمبر ۲۰۰۵ء) کے بارے میں کچھ عرض کرنا سورج کو چراغ دکھانے کے مترادف ہے، وہ کسی تعریف یا تعارف کے محتاج نہیں، ڈاکٹر صاحب کی شخصیت قدر و منزلت کے اعتبار سے کئی پہلو رکھتی ہے، تاہم دو پہلو صاف، واضح اور روشن ہیں، ایک ’’محققـ‘‘ دوسرے ’’مذہبی اور روحانی عالم‘‘۔ تحقیق کے اصل اور حقیقی تقاضوں سے محققین و فضلا ہی آگاہ ہوتے ہیں اور وہی جانتے ہیں کہ انہیں کیوں کر نبھایا جاتا ہے، تحقیق ایک خاص طرز زندگی کا مطالبہ کرتی ہے، ڈاکٹر صاحب نے ایک مقام پر لکھا ہے ’’ہم کہہ سکتے ہیں کہ تحقیق کو بہ طور ایک طرز زندگی اپنانا ہی اولین اور بنیادی اور لازمی شرط ہے‘‘۔ ہم دیکھتے ہیں کہ ڈاکٹر صاحب اپنی عمر کا ایک بڑا حصہ اسی خاص انداز سے گزار کر اس جہانِ فانی سے دائم آباد کو رخصت ہوئے، ان کی زندگی ہمارے لیے قابل فخر اور لائق تقلید ہے۔ ڈاکٹر صاحب کی متعدد خوبیوں میں سے صرف دو کا...
The paper discusses the rights and powers of men against their counterparts’ women in so many aspects of life, because it is the command of Almighty Allah, so the paper looks into some verses of the Holy Qur’an (Ayāt) and Prophetic traditions (Aḥadith) on the same matter and the causes for that powers. The paper highlighted the contemporary world’s perception of men’s rights and powers as well as Islamic perception and also misperception about the rights and powers of men against their wives. Finally, the paper discussed on the equality of rights and powers of both the parties in some occasions in light of Islamic legal injection to remove difficulties and bodings from the two spouses. The methodology used in the research work is both historical and empirical, based on secondary sources.
Several indigenous plants in Karachi region possessed various antimicrobial properties, among them some plants viz., Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub, Fagonia indica Burm f., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Melia azedarach L., Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC., Solanum surattense Burm f., Terminalia catappa L., Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa, Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal were selected for present study. These plants were collected from different localities of Karachi and their grinded powders were used in vitro and in vivo against soil-borne plant pathogens like root-rot fungi and root-knot nematode. In vitro different parts of selected plants were extracted in five solvents such as water, methanol, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. These extracts were tested against three root-rot fungi viz., Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. emend. Snyd. & Hans., Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid and Rhizoctonia solani (Kühn) by food-poisoned method on potato dextrose agar medium. Leaves, fruit and shoot extracts of selected plants significantly suppressed the growth of fungi as compared to stem extracts. However, H. rosa-sinensis (stem) extracts showed fungicidal activity than its leaves extracts. Among solvents, the water and methanol were found more effective against almost three fungi. Plants extracts were also tested against eggs hatching and mortality of second stage juveniles (J2) of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood) with varying concentrations (10, 5 and 2.5%). Significant reduction in the eggs hatching and increased in mortality was noticed in all plant extracts. Eggs hatching have been reduced and larval mortality has been increased when concentration of extracts increased therefore concentration 10% showed maximum nematicidal activity. Screen house trials were conducted in department of Botany, Federal Urdu University, to assess in vivo potential of plant species against targeted fungi and nematodes. Experiments carried out on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). In soil amendment (organic amendment) experiment powder of plants were mixed in soil @ 0.5, 1 and 2% w/w fifteen days prior before sowing the seeds. T. populnea (leaves), M. azedarach (leaves), W. somnifera (leaves & stem), T. catappa xiii (leaves), P. juliflora (leaves), H. rosa-sinensis (stem), S. surattense (shoots) and C. tetragonoloba @ 1 and 2% showed more significant results than other plants. Amendment not only suppressed the incidence of root rot-root knot disease complex but it also enhanced the growth of test crops (okra & mung bean). Biochemical estimation of okra and mung bean also has been done after uprooting the crops. It was observed that T. populnea (leaves), M. azedarach (leaves) and W. somnifera (leaves) highly enhanced chlorophyll “a”, “b”, carotenoids and carbohydrate as compare to other treatments and control in okra. However, in mung bean S. surattense (shoots), H. rosa-sinensis (stem) and P. juliflora (leaves) highly enhanced the physiological parameters. Water extracts @ 1 and 2% w/v of selected plants has been used as soil drenching to check their efficacy. Both concentrations significantly promote growth of cowpea plant and also suppressed the infection caused by root-rot fungi and root-knot nematodes. However, W. somnifera (leaves) and S. surattense (shoots) extracts showed highly significant results as compared to others. The biochemical contents of cowpea showed increase in chlorophyll “a”, “b”, carotenoids, carbohydrate and decrease in phenol content. Combined application of microbial antagonists (Trichoderma harzianum & Pseudomonas aeruginosa), nematicide (Carbofuran) and fungicide (Aliette) in soil amended with plants dry powder @ 1 and 2% w/w showed remarkable suppression of root rot-root knot disease complex. While W. somnifera (leaves), S. surattense (shoots) and H. rosa-sinensis (stem) adequately affected on growth parameters of chickpea and reduced infection of targeted pathogens. On the other hand combination of plants powder (W. somnifera and S. surattense, H. rosa-sinensis and T. populnea) with P. aeruginosa, T. harzianum, Aliette and Carbofuran significantly enhanced biochemicals than other treatments.