پاکستان کے مشترکہ خاندانی نظام میں رہائش سے متعلقہ مسائل اور ان کا حل (اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں ایک جائزہ) Issues of Accommodation in the joint family system of Pakistan and their solution (An analytical study in the context of the Islamic teachings)

A family is the fundamental unit of society. Every society has the presence of a family. The start of a family's life is entirely dependent on matters of co. human relations. All such human relationships are entrenched in islamic sharia as a sacred bond of nikah, in which a husband and wife become a part of the world in the form of a family's collective result. Husband and wife are the most fundamental pillars of society, and their affection and companionship provides a source of stability for them and also a refuge for coming generations.A  family consist of husband ,wife and their children . The family life is begins with marriage, after marriage every woman wants to have her own separate home where all the requirements of privacy are met. Islam has placed the entire responsibility of livelihood on men..But in our society there are two types of family system joint and separate family system. In Pakistan The joint family system is prevalent. The people of the subcontinent are not only adopting this system but they are  also feel proud of it . In the present article the joint family  system has facing many challenges. One of them is accommodation. In this article will focus on  what is the basic concept of accommodation in joint family systems and its solution in Islami teachings. It is critical for the husband and wife to have a home where no one can  interfere on their personal matters. This interference is very much in our society.Which husband and wife facing many  problems. And due to this conditions, the relationship of husband and wife is also affected. Key Words: Joint family system, Issues of Accommodation, Pakistani society, Islamic teachings.

Neural Networks Ensemble Evaluation of Aggregation Algorithms for Forecasting

The aim of the thesis is to examine and analyze different aggregation algorithms to the forecasts obtained from individual neural network (NN) models in an ensemble. In this study an ensemble of 100 NN models are constructed with a heterogeneous architecture. The outputs from the individual NN models were combined by four different aggregation algorithms in NNs ensemble. These algorithms include equal weights combination of Best NN models, combination of trimmed forecasts, combination through Variance-Covariance method and Bayesian Model Averaging. The aggregation algorithms were employed on the forecasts obtained from all individual NN models as well as on a number of the best forecasts obtained from the best NN models. The output of the aggregation algorithms of NNs ensemble were analyzed and compared with each other and with the individual NN models used in NNs ensemble. The results of the aggregation algorithms of NNs ensemble are also compared with the Simple Averaging method. The performances of these aggregation algorithms of NNs ensemble were evaluated with the mean absolute percentage error and symmetric mean absolute percentage error. In the empirical analysis, the methodologies developed were tested on the Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS load data set of five years from 2006 to 2010 for forecasting. It can be concluded from the results that the aggregation algorithms of NNs ensemble can improve the accuracy of forecast than the individual NN models with a test data set. Furthermore, in the comparison with the Simple Averaging method, the aggregation algorithms of NNs ensemble demonstrate slightly better performance than the Simple Averaging. It has also been observed during the empirical analysis that; reducing the size of ensemble increases the diversity and, hence, accuracy. Moreover, it has been concluded that more benefits can be achieved by the utilization of an advanced method for forecast combinations.