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Home > Storage Performance and Amelioration of Chilling Injury in Mango Fruit

Storage Performance and Amelioration of Chilling Injury in Mango Fruit

Thesis Info

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Author

Islam, Badshah

Program

PhD

Institute

The University of Agriculture

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Horticulture

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12437/1/Badshah%20Islam%2c%20horticulture%202016%20uni%20of%20agri%20peshwar%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725044961

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A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the storage performance and chilling sensitivity of mango cv. “Langra” fruit and various remedial measures were investigated to extend the storage life of mango fruit by enhancing chilling tolerance. Mango fruits were stored at 5, 10 or 15 ± 1 °C for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30 days and evaluated for various physico-chemical attributes and chilling injury. Fruit firmness, titratable acidity, non-reducing sugars and ascorbic acid decreased with the increase in storage temperature and duration. Chilling injury was the highest at the lowest temperature (5 ± 1 °C) and maximum storage duration (30 days). The ion leakage was the least in fruits stored at 10 ± 1 °C and the highest at 15 ± 1 °C and increased with the increase in storage duration. Evaluation of fruits stored for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30 days at 5, 10 or 15 ± 1 °C after 3 days simulated markting revealed that weight loss, fruit firmness, chilling injury score, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and non-reducing sugars were the highest in fruits exposed to 5 ± 1 °C before simulation. After simulated marketing, weight loss was initially lower in fruits exposed to 5 ± 1°C but with the increase in storage duration it got higher than the remaining temperatures. The mean ascorbic acid was the highest at 5 ± 1°C after 3 days simulated marketing however, the interaction of storage durations and temperatures revealed rapid decrease in fruit stored for 25 or 30 days at the same temperature. The fruit juice pH and reducing sugars were higher in fruits stored at higher temperature, while the least ion leakage and highest total soluble solids (TSS were in fruits stored at 10 ± 1°C before simulated marketing. While weight loss, chilling injury score, fruit juice pH, ion leakage and reducing sugars increased, the fruit firmness, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and non-reducing sugars decreased after 3 days simulated marketing. The TSS initially increased and then decreased with the increase in storage duration. To reduce chilling injury, mango fruits of cv. “Langra”, were treated with methyl jasmonate (10−4 M), methyl salicylate (0.1mM), acetic acid (4 ml L-1), 1- MCP (2 μL L-1) and ethanol (0.5 M) and stored for10, 20 and 30 days at 5 ± 1 °C. The physical and chemical attributes were evaliauted on day “0”, after completion of the respective cold storage duration and after 3 days simulated marketing. Weight loss, chilling injury score and ion leakage were the highest in control and the least in fruits treated with methyl jasmonate. Treatment of fruits with 1-MCP maintained the maximum firmness, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and non-reducing sugars, whereas the highest TSS, fruit juice pH and reducing sugars during cold storage and simulated marketing were with methyl jasmonate. The TSS increased continuously with the storage and after simulated marketing in fruits treated with 1-MCP but declined after simulated marketing with rest of the treatments. To optimize the heat treatments and subsequent incubation for inducing chilling tolerance, mango fruits were exposed to heat shock at 45 ± 0.5 °C for 0, 2, 4 or 6 hours and then incubated for 0, 3 or 6 hours before storage at 5 ± 1 °C for 30 days with an additional 3 days simulated marketing. These fruits were evaluated for physico-chemical quality attributes and chilling sensitivity after cold storage and simulated marketing. The minimum mean weight loss, chilling injury score and ion leakage, while the maximum fruit firmness, titratable acidity, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and ascorbic acid after cold storage and simulated marketing, were recorded with 2 hours heat shock treatment. The means for incubation time revealed the minimum weight loss, pH, chilling injury score and ion leakage while the highest fruit firmness, TSS, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and reducing and non-reducing sugars in fruits incubated for 3 hours. To evaluate the influence of cold shock durations and incubation times on quality attributes and chilling sensitivity, mango fruits were treated at 0 °C for 0, 2, 4 or 6 hours and then incubated for 0, 3 or 6 hours before storage at 5 ± 1 °C for 30 days with an additional 3 days simulated marketing time. The mean for cold shock duration showed the minimum weight loss, chilling injury score, ion leakage and fruit juice pH in fruits treated with cold shock for 4 hours that were statistically at par with 6 hours. The incubation time of 6 hours resulted in the least chilling injury score, ion leakage and fruit juice pH both during storage and simulated marketing. Similarly, the highest fruit firmness, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, reducing and non-reducing sugars were in 4 hours cold shock treatment. Ascorbic acid was the maximum during storage in fruits incubated for 3 hours and with 6 hours after simulated marketing. It is concluded from the overall project that mango cv. “Langra” fruits can be stored for 30 days at 5 ± 1 °C, when treated with methyl jasmonate or 1-MCP. Physical treatments such as heat shock (45 ± 0.5 °C for 2 hours + 3 hours incubation) or cold shock (4 hours at 0 °C + 6 hours incubation) are equally effective in reducing chilling injury and retaining mango fruit quality during cold storage and 3 days simulated marketing.
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المبحث الرابع: المساء مع ذکريات الحبيب

المبحث الرابع: المساء مع ذکريات الحبيب

قصيدة (ذات مساء) لنازک الملائكة[1]

ثورۃ من ألمٍ، من ذکریاتِ
خلف نفسي، ملء[2] إحساسي العنیف[3]
وجموحٌ[4] في دمی، في خلجاتي[5]
في ابتساماتي، في قلبي اللھیف[6]

إن أکن أبسم کالطفلِ السعیدِ
فابتساماتي وھم وخداعُ
إن أکن ھادءۃً، بین الورود
ففؤادي في جنونٍ وصراع

أيّ مآساۃٍ[7] تراھا مقلتایا [8] !
أيّ حزنٍ عاصرٍ[9] في نظراتي!
جمدَت فوق شقاءي شفتایا
وانحنت[10] کفّاي تحت الرعشاتِ[11]

لا تسلْني عن خیالاتي ولحني
فالدجی[12] الآن بغیضُ[13] في عیوني
أین أُلقي بصري الباکي وحزني
إن أنا حوّلتُ عن کفّي عیوني؟

أین أرنو[14] ؟ کلّما حوّلت عیني
طالعتني صورۃ الوجہِ اللّھیف (متوق المشتاق)
ذلک الوجہُ الذي ألھب[15] فنّي
بمعاني الشعر والحبّ العنیفِ

أیّھا الغادرُ، لا تنظر إلیّا
قد سئمتُ[16] الأمل المرَّ الکَذوبا
حسبُ أقداري ما تجني[17] علیّا 
وکفی عمريّ حزناً ولھیبا

فیم أبقی الآن حیرَی في مکاني؟
آہ لو أرجع، لو أنسی شقاءي[18]
أدفِنُ الأحزان في صدرِ الأغاني
وأناجي[19] بالأسی صمتَ المَساءِ

لیتنا لا نلتقي، لیت شقاءي
ظلَّ ناراً، ظلَّ شوقاً وسُھاد[20]
یا دموعي، أيّ معنًی للّقاءِ
إن ذَوَی[21] الحبّ وأبلاہُ[22] البعاد 

أیّھا الأقدار، ما تبغینَ منّا؟
فیم قد جئتِ بنا ھذا المکانا؟
آہِ لو لم نکُ یا أقدارُ جئنا
ھا ھُنا، لو لم تقدنا قد...

اشیاء خورد و نوش و ادویہ میں جلاٹین کے استعمال کا طریقہ کار اور اس کا شرعی جائزہ

Gelatin is a translucent, colorless, brittle, flavorless foodstuff, derived from collagen obtained from various animal by-products. Gelatin obtained from plants, fish or from the hides of animals lawfully slaughtered is pure, sacred and lawful. Since bones of carrion animals are pure and sacred, so gelatin obtained from them is lawful as well. Gelatin obtained from pigs is impure and unlawful. In this article,  the methodology of using gelatin in foodstuffs and medicines is being discussed and its religious and lawful status is being elaborated.

Effects of Virtual Reality Training on Mobility in Stroke

BACKGROUND Stroke is the prominent source of disability and patients experience impaired balance, motor control and mobility. Virtual reality training through exer-gaming is emerging technology in stroke training. The interactive session of virtual reality enhances the functional status by improving motivation and active participation. PURPOSE OF STUDY The objective of study was to determine effects of additional virtual reality training versus task-oriented training alone on physical performance, mobility and balance in chronic stroke patients. METHODOLOGY A single blind randomized control trial was conducted from January 2016- March 2017 at Physical Rehabilitation department of Pakistan Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to collect a sample of 52 chronic stroke patients; both ischemic and hemorrhagic, with minimum age of 40 years and symptoms lasting for at least 3 months with standing ability, while patients having cognitive or visual impairments and with joints pain were excluded. Sealed envelope method was used for random assignment into two groups: Virtual reality training (VRT) group (n=26) and Task oriented training (TOT) group (n=26). Task oriented training was provided to both groups while additional 10-20 minutes of exer-gaming was provided to only virtual reality training group for 03 days per week for 8 weeks. Data was collected using standardized assessment tools including; Fugl-Meyer Assessment- Lower Extremity (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test (TUG), Dynamic Gait Index (GDI). Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) and Quality Of Life (QOL). The assessment was done at baseline and after every two weeks until end of training. The data was analyzed through SPSS-21 and repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni was used for within-group analysis and independent samples t test for between-group comparisons. RESULTS The mean age of VRT and TOT group was 50.20±8.76 and 55.46±11.57 years respectively. VRT group showed significantly better scores in FMA-LE and BBS after 04 weeks of training as compared to TOT group (P<0.05). Timed Up and Go score was significantly better in VRT group after 06 weeks than TOT group (P<0.05). Both groups have similar effects in Dynamic Gait Index after 08 weeks of training. (p>0.05) FIS showed significant reduction in VRT group (P<0.05) while no significant difference was observed in quality of life of stroke patients in both groups. (p>0.05) CONCLUSION It can be concluded that additional virtual reality with task oriented training is significantly better than task oriented training alone in improving physical performance, mobility and balance outcome in chronic stroke. Additional virtual reality and task oriented training have similar effects on gait performance of stroke patients.