اچھائی؍نیکی دا بدلہ
کسے ملک اتے اک ظالم بادشاہ حکمرانی کر رہیا سی۔ اوہ اپنی رعایا اتے بہت ظلم کردا تے اوس دے دربار وچوں کسے نوں وی انصاف نئیں سی ملدا۔ جو وی اوس دے خلاف بولدا، اوہ اوس نوں جانوں مار دیندا سی۔ کسے نوں اوہ پھاہے لاندا تے کسے نوں بھکھے خون خوار جانوراں اگے سٹ دتا۔ کسے دے ہتھ پیر کٹ دیندا تے کسے دیاں اکھاں کڈھ دیندا۔ اک سپاہی نے بادشاہ دے ظلم دے خلاف آواز چکی تاں بادشاہ نے اوس نوں مارن دا حکم دے دتا۔ اوہ سزا توں بچن لئی اپنے گھروں نسیا تے جنگل وچ جا کے لک گیا۔ بادشاہ نے سپاہیاں نوں جنگل جا کے لبھن تے گرفتار کرن دا حکم دتا۔ سپاہی اوس نوں گرفتار کرن لئی جنگل جاندے نیں۔ پر اگوں اوہناں نوں شیر ملدا اے جو گرج دار آواز وچ بول رہیا سی۔ سپاہی ایہہ ویکھ کے ڈر جاندے نیں تے اوتھوں واپس بادشاہ کول آ جاندے نیں۔ جدوں سپاہی نے اوہناں نوں واپس جاندے ویکھیا تاں اوہ لکی ہوئی تھاں توں باہر آیا۔ اوہ وی شیر نوں ویکھ کے بہت خوف زدہ ہوندا اے۔ جدوں اوس غور نال آواز سنی تاں اوس نوں لگیا کہ شیر کسے مصیبت وچ اے۔ سپاہی جدوں شیر دے نیڑے ہویا تاں شیر نے اوس نوں کجھ نہ آکھیا، ہمت کر کے سپاہی شیر دے ہور نیڑے ہویا تاں اوس ویکھیا کہ اک تیر شیر دی لت وچ کھبیا ہویا اے تے تیر لگن پاروں لہولہان اے۔ سپاہی نے ہمت کر کے پہلاں شیر دی لت وچ تیر کڈھیا جس پاروں اوہدی پیڑ کجھ گھٹ گئی۔ مڑ اوس نے اوہدے پیر وچوں کنڈا کڈھیا۔ شیر اوس دی ایس رحمدلی تے انسان دوستی توں بہت متاثر ہویا اوس دے پیر چمے تے لنگر ہندا ہویا جنگل ول...
This article explores the motives of the human believing behaviour. The author postulates that to believe in God is natural and not to believe is a deviation from the true and pure human nature. This fact has, also, been admitted by many philosophers, psychologists and geneticists. A brief debate with reference to philosophy, anthropology, psychology and genetics has been presented to have a review the opinions of some eminent philosophers, psychologists and anthropologists about the believing behavior of the human nature. The traces of the religiosity of the primitive tribes without exception are a further evidence for the said fact. Some evidences have been presented from history and also from the examples of some living primitive tribes of Australia and Africa to accentuate the stance that to believe in God is a natural, innate, instinctual motive in the human nature. Author also quotes certain verses from the Qur’an to confirm the conformity of the historical, philosophical, psychological and genetical facts and findings with the Qur’anic stance about the believing behaviour of the human nature. The motives behind human behaviour in believing God are counted by the author as: rationality, anxiousness for God and the Life hereafter, Love of God, Affiliation with the native culture, Influence and Inspiration, Religion: A Remedy or Solution and Preaching in Terms of addresses.
Coal has been using as a major source of energy all over the world formany centuries. In Pakistan, with an average estimation, coal reserves of about 185 billion tons has been reported and stands 7th in ranking based on the lignite coal resources which is being utilized for commercial as well as domestic usage. In the present study, 417 coal mines located in the Eastern Salt Range of Pakistan were visited, out of which only 64 mines were active. It was found that most of the mines in study area were abandoned due to poor quality of coal seam and failures due to stresses, seepage and poor support system. Despite living in the 21st century, obsolete methods for roof supports are being employed in the coal mines which is an alarming situation. In order to eliminate the above-mentioned issues so that maximum production can be achieved while considering the safety measures as well, a methodology was proposed in this research.Four classification systems, namely Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Q-system, Laubscher’s Geomechanics Classification (MRMR) and Coal Mine Roof Rating (CMRR), were employed to characterize the rock masses, estimation of support system and support pressures. The data required for empirical studies was collected through geological and engineering geological mapping, discontinuity surveys and testing of samples of rock and timber in laboratory and in the fieldas well. The main rock units in the study area were limestone, sandstone, claystone, shale, carbonaceous shale and coal. According to the results of classification systems, it is evaluated that the rock units lay in different classes i.e. limestone is very good to poor, sandstone and claystone are good to very poor, shale and carbonaceous shale are fair to extremely poor, and coal is fair to very poor. The regression analyses of scattered data were conducted in order to establish relations among the classification systems. The results obtained were quite similar to the previous researches. RMR and CMRR classification systemsrecommended the installation of bolts and shotcrete,MRMR proposed the usage of timbering for strong lithologies while Q-system ended up with unsupported reinforcement category but usage of bolts isalways emphasized upon, in order to increase the factor of safety and avoid any fatal incident.