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Subscription or Subversion: Gender Representation in Pakistani Television Commercials

Thesis Info

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Author

Nasir, Muhammad Haseeb

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Modern Languages

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

English Language & Literature

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12807/1/Muhammad_Haseeb_Nasir_English_HSR_2018_25.09.2018.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725059744

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The current interdisciplinary research falls into the domains of semiotics, linguistics and cultural studies. Television commercials, having the power to (re)frame the ideology of larger audience through its visual/linguistic content and agency to pave the way to social change have become one of the most viable social institutions of disseminating information to a wider audience. In any of its forms, media construct the image of men and women differently associating with them specific traits regarding their activities, roles and position. The commercials are considered persuasive and efficient modes of representation, having strong impact on the social perception of the viewers. The current study aims to investigate the representation of gender-binary relations in the Pakistani television commercials. The study also imbues the broader socio-cultural factors which help to identify the representational and positional value of men and women. The study analyzes whether gender representation in the Pakistani television commercials subscribes to or subverts the traditional gender narratives. The researcher finds a gap in the area of research, as most of the studies have been produced on gender equality and representation in the Euro-American sphere and a few in Pakistani context, but there is a wide scope of research on gender representation with semiotic perspective. The current study draws its theoretical foundation on the theory of semiotics propounded by Dyer (1982) in her book Advertising as Communication. Semiotics is conceived as an appropriate tool for the critical inquiry of the television commercials because of its widely ranging acceptability and reliability in the meaning making process as suggested by Williamson (1978), Dyer (1982) and Jhally (1990). The data for the current study comprises television commercials broadcast on famous Pakistani television channels. The sampling technique is based on non-probability purposive sampling with the rationale of choosing this technique to include only those commercials which largely reflect gender representation. The study finds that the commercials present layers of meanings via semiotic modes at symbolic level where men and women are displayed in stereotypical manner, subscribing to patriarchal structures. The study recommends the change in the content of the televised material and also highlights the unexplored avenues which can be brought under considerations by the future researchers.
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شاہ معین الدین ندوی

آہ شاہ صاحب !
جناب شاہ معین الدین احمد ندوی ناظم دارالمصنفین اور اڈیٹر معارف جو شاہ صاحب کے نام سے یہاں یاد کئے جاتے اب اپنے پاک دل، پاک ذات اور پاک صفات کے ساتھ آغوش رحمت الٰہی میں ہیں۔ ۱۳؍ دسمبر ۱۹۷۴؁ء کو جمعہ کے روز اپنے تمام روزمرہ کے معمولات میں مشغول رہے، دس بجے دن کو بال بنوایا، غسل کیا، کھانا کھایا، جمعہ کی نماز پڑھی، ڈھائی بجے تک عاجز راقم سے ملاقات رہی، اخبار پڑھتے پڑھتے سوگئے، گہری نیند سوئے، چار بجے اٹھے، اپنے ایک دیرینہ ہم جلیس مولوی عزیز الرحمن صاحب کے ساتھ بیٹھے باتیں کرنے لگے، عصر کی نماز کے لئے وضو کا پانی منگوایا، کرسی سے اٹھ کر وضو کے لئے اٹھنا چاہتے تھے کہ زمین پر گرگئے، خیال ہوا کہ بے ہوش ہوگئے ہیں، ان کے دوست ڈاکٹر عبدالحفیظ انصاری بلائے گئے تو انھوں نے اعلان کیا کہ وہ اﷲ کو پیارے ہوئے، وہ نہ بیمار پڑے نہ سکرات کی تکلیف ہوئی، نہ کسی کو کچھ خدمت کرنے کا موقع دیا، ایسا معلوم ہو (کہ زمین پر سے یکایک اٹھالئے گئے اور دارالمصنفین کے درودیوار کو اداس نہیں، بلکہ روتا چھوڑ گئے، ان کی وصیت کے مطابق ان کی میت، ان کے وطن ردولی دارالمصنفین کے کارکنوں اور ان کے قدر دانوں کے جلو میں لے جائی گئی، جہاں وہ چودھری خلیل احمد کی مسجد کے احاطہ میں سپرد خاک کئے گئے۔ اللھم اغفرلہ و الرحمۃ و ادخلہ الجنۃ۔
ان کی رحلت دارالمصنفین کے لئے حقیقی معنوں میں جانکاہ حادثہ ہے، استاذی المحترم مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی نے دارالمصنفین کو چھوڑا تو مولانا مسعود علی ندوی کا انتظامی سلیقہ، مولانا عبدالسلام ندوی کی علمی شہرت اور اس ادارہ سے خود جناب شاہ صاحب کی شیفتگی بروے کار رہی، عاجز راقم کو بھی اس کی خدمت میں گیارہ سال...

A CRITICAL STUDY OF CLINTON BENNETT’S THOUGHTS TOWARDS SIRAH OF THE HOLY PROPHET ﷺ

Sirah of the Holy Prophet ﷺ is the topic on which a lot of work has been done both in the Muslim and non-Muslim world. For Muslims it was the source of aspiration and adaptation for the practical purposes of social life while for the non-Muslims it was the source of inquisitiveness and understanding Islam as a successful religion in the past and present time. Therefore, Muslim enthusiastic interest in the biography of the Holy Prophet ﷺ developed and evolved into a regular science while the west has modified the knowledge of biography according to their own order of preference but within the same biographic precedents. Both have tried to reconstruct the biography of the Holy Prophet ﷺ historically, chronologically and logically. Clinton Bennett is one of the western scholars who has contributed not only in the Islamic literature but also the biographic field. His work consists of numerous issues in Islam. Whatever he has learned from Islam and the Sirah of Holy Prophet and thus concluded in the form of his own thoughts, he has expressed most of them in his famous five books for example ‘In Search of Muhammad’, ‘Muslims and Modernity’, ‘Studying Islam’, ‘Interpreting the Qur’an’, and ‘Victorian Images of Islam’ (doctoral thesis)’. This study focuses on Clinton Bennett’s work on Sirah specifically with his broader view of the subject. This research is descriptive and analytical in nature and presents a detailed analysis of the work it is based upon.

Heterosis Estimation of Indigenous Maize Zea Mays L. Hybrids and Stability Analysis of Exotic Accessions for Pro-Vitamin a and Yield Components.

Vitamin A deficiency is prevalent health problem across the poor families of the developing countries. To combat the vitamin A deficiency, development and deployment of PVA biofortified maize hybrids is most suitable solution. Indigenous 150 genotypes were selected and evaluated across autumn and spring seasons. Significant differences were observed in yellow maize genotypes across autumn and spring seasons. Variability was also observed for TCC and PVAC. Yellow maize genotypes were high yielding in spring season relative to autumn season. Genotypes, 15328, 19175, 15069, 15077, 15189, 15258, 24688, 15186, 15100 and 15105 were unanimously declared stable with higher grain yield across autumn and spring seasons. Different genomic SSR loci were used to dissect the genetic variability in different maize inbred lines. Targeted SSR loci were highly polymorphic due to having higher PIC value (0.6733 to 0.7207). Numbers of alleles were varying from 3.714 to 4.286 for Umc1595 and Umc2332 loci respectively. Genetic variability dissection on geographical basis showed that seven populations were not distinctive for PVA linked SSR loci and most of the genetic variance was depicted by among the inbred lines (85%). Yellow maize inbred lines from KPK origin had highest alleles, effective alleles and Shannon information index. UPGMA Clustering and PCoA showed that inbred lines were not distinctively grouped for geographical origin by PVA linked SSR loci. Distinctively selected inbred lines and testers were evaluated for their performance in single cross hybrid combinations. Significant differences were observed among genotypes, lines, testers and line × tester interaction for studied traits. L5, L6 and T1 were having higher GCA effects for YPH, RPC, and FW whereas, L1, L5 and T4 were having higher GCA effects for TCC, PVAC and NPVAC. Among studied crosses, L7×T3, L8×T4, L5×T2, were having higher SCA effects for PVAC whereas, L2×T5, L3×T3, L4×T2, were having higher SCA effects for YPH. L3×T3 has higher SCA effects for YPH, TCC, PVAC and NPVAC. L8×T4 were having SCA effects for PVAC, RPC and FW. L2×T5 were having higher SCA effects for PVAC, YPH, NPVAC and TCC. Most of variability was contributed by L×T interaction. Variance analysis showed that all of the traits were under the control of non-additive gene action. L1×T3, L5×T3, L3×T3, L3×T1 for PVAC, RPC and TCC, whereas, L5×T4, L10×T3, L5×T5, L5×T1, L8×T3 for YPH and FW were having higher mid parent heterosis. L1×T1, L3×T5, L7×T1, L10×T5, L7×T2 and L9×T1 for FW, YPH and PVAC were having highest better parent heterosis. Exotic PVA biofortified maize hybrids were evaluated across different locations for stability analysis. G×L interaction was significant for studied traits. Data were subjected to AMMI and GGE biplot stability analysis across the locations. AMMI and GGE biplots showed that HP1097-11, HP1097-2, HP1097-18 and HP1097-19 were high yielding with stable performance. PCA biplot showed that indigenous and exotic maize hybrids were grouped distinctively for yield and PVAC. Based on yield and PVA contents introduction of HP1097-2, HP1097-18, HP1097-11, HP1097-19 and HP1097-20 is strongly recommended in Pakistan. Exotic PVA biofortified maize hybrids were also subjected to different postharvest sundrying treatments to evaluate the quality losses. Results showed that starch contents were affected negatively in maize grain by direct exposure to sun light. Losses in starch contents resulted in proportional increase of protein and oil contents in PVA biofortified maize hybrids. Significant losses of TCC and PVAC were observed under direct exposure to sun light. Thus, direct sun drying of PVA biofortified maize hybrids was not recommended.