اپنی مثال آپ
ڈاکٹر غلام شبیر اسدؔ
ہر چند شاعری تخلیقی محرک کی محتاج ہوتی ہے مگر موضوعی شاعری دراصل اس وقت زور دارہوتی ہے جب فیضان و عقل، جذبِ درروں اور بیدار قوتِ فیصلہ یا پھرشعور و لاشعور کے دھارے آپس میں مل جاتے ہیں۔یہ وہ مقام ہوتا ہے جہاں عرفان و وجدان اور فہم وخرد کی توانائی ایک دوسرے کو سہارتے ہوئے باہم آمیز ہو جاتے ہیں۔یہ حقائق اپنی جگہ بجا لیکن جب بھی کسی تخلیق کار کو اخلاقی موضوع کا سامنا کرنا ہوتا ہے تو شرطِ اوّل کے طور پر ذہنی وقلبی،نزہت و متانت ، نیاز مندی ،عاجزی و انکساری اور مثالی اسلوبِ کلام کا حامل ہونا لازم آتا ہے۔متحرک و منور اسلوب کی بنیادی غذا ،تخلیق کار کی شخصیت، حُبِ موضوع ،مقام کا حاملعلم و کردار ،تقویٰ و ایمان ،طبعی مناسبت، تہذیب کے اِساسی زاویوں سے آگاہی اور وفورِ شوق سے تیار ہوتی ہے۔اردو نعتیہ سرمائے کی متنوع جہات میں سیرتِ النبیﷺ کے حتی الامکان پہلوئوںکواجاگر کرنا کسی بھی شاعر کے لیے آزمائش سے کم نہیں ، پھر اس سے بڑی آزمائش ہیئت مسدس میں اظہار، جس کا مزاج ہمیشہ متقاضی رہا ہے کہ مترنم اور رواں دواں وسہل اوزان کے ساتھ ساتھ دلوں میںاترتا شفاف کومل لہجہ اورآبِ زُلال سے دھلی زبان شیتل سی مخمور لے پوری قدرتوں کے ساتھ بہم ہو۔میں سمجھتا ہوں کہ یہ سب لطائفِ پر نور روحِ بندگی سے میسر آتے ہیں۔ اگر ایسا نہ ہو تو معلومات کو شعر میں لانے سے ثقالت کا احساس حاوی رہتا ہے، جس کامسدس متحمل نہیں ہو سکتا۔
انھی موضوعی اور معروضی خوبیوں کے سبب پورے وثوق سے کہا جا سکتا ہے کہ مسدس ہی ایک ایسی صنفِ سخن ہے جسے دنیا بھر کی مستند و اعلیٰ نظموں کے مدِ مقابل رکھا جاسکتا ہے۔
انیس، دبیر حالی ، چکبست ،امانت...
Background No review consolidating available evidence of the various interventions for preventing MERS-CoV transmission in healthcare settings has been published to inform practice. The MERS-CoV outbreak in Saudi Arabia led to wide-scale hospitalisations and, among other individuals at risk, healthcare workers (HCW) were one of the most affected groups. This study evaluates the effectiveness of various interventions implemented to prevent MERS-CoV transmission to HCW and MERS-negative patients in Saudi Arabian healthcare settings. Methods This review summarises and evaluates the effectiveness of MERS-CoV infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in Saudi Arabian hospital settings. Instead of using ‘best quality/evidence’ studies, the review has included as many relevant studies as possible. Results Various IPC measures were deemed effective. However, since no analysis of their effectiveness had been undertaken, it was not possible to determine the interventions’ level of effectiveness as applied in hospital settings. The studies appeared to rely on the assumption that the extent of MERS-CoV transmission control observed was a direct reflection of the implemented IPC measures. Conclusions Robust studies, using empirical methods, should be conducted to measure the effectiveness of the various IPC measures developed and implemented to control MERS-CoV transmission
For the advancement of the cause of democracy, Benazir Bhutto faced a variety of challenges, trails, contests and resistances prior to her becoming the first woman prime minister of Pakistan. The watershed of this first struggle was bound by an era covered by supposedly a dictatorial regime from 1977 to 1988. In terms of realpolitic, this move was a complex and significant ideological struggle based on social justice against conservative forces and status-quo, braced by some international influential clusters. As a resilient woman political leader, she managed to cope with all the crises. The study in hand is the in-depth analysis of the struggle of Benazir Bhutto for upholding the democratic forces. Data sources included Focus Group Discussions with party workers and political leaders, in-depth interviews with historians and civil society members, and content analysis of documents like letters (written by Benazir Bhutto to various party workers and by the author to Benazir Bhutto), reports, Peoples Party’s constitution, press releases by Benazir Bhutto, media documentaries and other published material relevant to the topic. Analysis of the data revealed that Benazir Bhutto confronted significant hardships and challenges to restore democracy in Pakistan. Despite ruthlessness of the ruling regime, betrayals of her party men and unfavorable circumstances she managed to cope with all the difficulties with her charisma and leadership qualities. She successfully exhibited her visionary skills, persistence, determination, influential personality, and immense courage. As part of her reconciliation and resilience, she joined hands with opponents; she was able to bring all conservative clusters on board on its voyage to democracy. The resilience demonstrated by Benazir Bhutto in her political struggle could be a model for political practitioners and political leadership xviii in Pakistan. This research concludes by suggesting for doing scientific studies about the Bhutto legacy of later time periods and making a comparative analysis for drawing lessons for the political landscape of Pakistan. Similarly, in the struggle for democracy in Pakistan, there are many other leaders. In-depth analysis of their terrain is in order to develop strategies for political struggle.