Home > The Effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Management Strategies: A Case Study of Analyzing the Private Sector Management in Khyber
The Effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Management Strategies: A Case Study of Analyzing the Private Sector Management in Khyber
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is practiced from time immemorial but got popularity in the early 1930s. Stakeholder management is an important area of CSR having overwhelming impact on the CSR strategies and practices. The idea of an ideal world is to develop such a society in which all the stakeholders like government, non-government organizations and businesses organizations integrate coordinate and work together for the welfare of the society. This concept is gaining popularity being closely associated with benefits of the society as a whole. This concept sees the businesses as the corporate social organizations working for the welfare of the society. The research was aimed to investigate and describe the current status of CSR practices of firms and the effectiveness of stakeholder management strategies in the food, beverages and tobacco industrial sector, the biggest private industrial sector, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and generalize the results to all the private sector industries of the province. The areas related to understanding of the firms about CSR, Business Management’s attitude towards CSR, practical measures taken by the firms for implementation of CSR, current stakeholders’ management strategies of the firms, and the perceptions of the firms towards the actions of different stakeholders in that particular private sector were studied. The overall investigation of all these areas of CSR helped to identify the direction of the businesses in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa towards practical implementation of CSR practices in this specific area. The research problem was investigated by applying the qualitative research methodology. Interview schedule method was used for data collection from the top management of the firms through face-to-face discussion by using a pre-structured open and close ended questionnaire. All the private sector firms were the study universe, all functional industrial units of the food, beverages and tobacco sector of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were population of the study, out of which a sample of 108 firms was selected for research using stratified random sampling technique. Key findings of the research revealed that CSR as a concept is understood and practiced by the firms but the CSR practices are not properly planned, coordinated, integrated andare done on a smaller scale by the firms, resulting in low impact on the overall development of the society. The CSR practices are mostly focused on the primary stakeholders especially on employees’ welfare. Moreover, the management of the firms has an idea of its key stakeholders but fails to differentiate between its primary and secondary stakeholders. There were no dedicated and permanent set ups, budget allocations and training programs in CSR which resulted into informal CSR practices. Finally, the perception of the management towards different actions of some of the key stakeholders was positive. It was recommended that the firms need to take more practical steps like having an independent CSR unit, separate budget allocations and trainings in CSR for the management in order to practice CSR more effectively. Moreover, the role of the government is important for coordination, registration and supervision of the CSR activities in order to avoid duplication of the resources and enable the firms to play their role more effectively in the overall development of the society.
Coronary artery stenosis bypass by using radial artery is good techniques which have longer outcomes. In coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) the radial artery has several advantages. The radial artery has a thick muscular wall which is more susceptibleto contraction from the competitive flow. As compared to the open harvesting technique endoscopic harvest of the radial artery has long lasting cosmetic results it also reduces the post-operative complications. The purpose of the study is to compare the two harvesting techniques and compare the short term and long term results related to intra-operative and post-operative outcomes Methods: This is retrospective study (In Queen Alia Heart Institute, Amman, Jordan) to compare endoscopic radial artery technique versus open technique by reviewing patients files through a period between June 2013 and June 2018. Total 50 patients of CABG surgery was selected they were divided into two groups. Group A includes endoscopic radial harvest (n= 10) and Group B includes open harvest (n=40). Data was collected on predesigned Performa. Data were entered and analyze through IBM SPSS 22.0 Results: There was insignificant dissimilarity between the pre-operative outcomes between groups. The Post-operative outcomes were almost same in both groups except hand numbness (P-value<0.005). The comparison of intraoperative outcomes like harvest time between both groups indicate that the mean harvest time in group A was shorter than group B (39.20 + 3.73 Vs 51.90 + 2.09, P-value=0.000). The operative time in group A was higher than the group B (306.0 + 11.6 Vs 278 + 4.25 p-value=0.00). The hospital stays in both groups were insignificantly different (p = 0.09) Conclusions: Endoscopic radial artery harvest is best suited technique for CABG surgery as it significantly decreases the harvest time as well as hospital stay. It is also proven that it is safer, less painful and better wound appearance technique with exceptional outcomes based on positive surgical experience.
The history of Arabic novel and short story writing dates back to the start of 20th century Egyptians played a big role in translating European literature specially novels, short stories and dramas to the Arab world before writing in these fields of literature. Yousef Idrees, Egyptian literary figure, born in 1927, is known as a novelist, short story writer, dramatist and column writer. He wrote more than 100 short stories published in 13 books of him in addition of dozen of novels and 19 books of columns. He also wrote 8 dramas in Arabic Language. This thesis is divided in three chapters. First Chapter "Yousef Idrees Life and Literary works" Has two sub-chapters. 1st sub-chapter discusses about his studies, participation in politics, his family life, his jobs, awards and medals which he got from different organizations. 2nd sub-chapter includes introduction of his literary works other than short stories such as novels, dramas etc. Second Chapter "short story in the writings of Yousef Idrees" Has two sub-chapters. 1st sub-chapter is about history of short story writing in Arab world, its beginning in Egypt and its pioneers, elements of short story and the difference between novel and short story writing. 2nd sub- chapter is about introduction of his books of short stories. I mentioned all the stories of a book if the number of stories did not exceed 10 stories and if exceeded then I selected few of those stories of that book. Third chapter "analytical and critical study of short story" has two sub-chapters. 1st sub-chapter is about his inspiration from "realism" and its impact on his writings and I mentioned certain examples from his literary works, I also mentioned his critical views about Egyptian society etc. 2nd sub-chapter is analytical studies of short story work in the light of its elements and in the end I mentioned my opinions and gave my recommendations after writing this thesis which took three years of research.