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Home > The Forms and Functions of English for Army Personnel in Pakistan With a Specific Reference to Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul

The Forms and Functions of English for Army Personnel in Pakistan With a Specific Reference to Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Khushi, Qamar

Program

PhD

Institute

Bahauddin Zakariya University

City

Multan

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2011

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

English Language & Literature

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1985

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725094110

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Most of the ESL programmes in Pakistan do not cater to the potential needs of the learners, both in their academic as well as professional settings. This is due to the fact that the prescribed English syllabi are not in accordance with the specific needs of the learners. The professional institutions as such fail to equip the learners with the required linguistic and communicative competence. The Pakistan Military Academy (PMA), Kakul, the target research site of the project, one of the multiple cases in point, is also facing the same problem. The present study chooses to focus on the evaluation of the English Teaching Programme (ETP) of the PMA, Kakul, to discover those factors, which may have decreased the efficiency of the syllabus and attempts to find out as to why it does not achieve the desired goals. This research is also a thorough investigation to measure the level of existing linguistic adequacy of the PMA cadets with reference to the specific roles they are required to perform so that their problem areas could be systematically identified and subsequently reported with recommendations. A mixed methods approach has been followed to investigate the academic and professional language needs of the learners. In this regard, information was obtained through questionnaire and interviews from three population groups of the discourse community of army: cadets, ex-cadets and instructors. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 13) was used for analyzing the quantitative data and thematic analysis was used for analyzing the qualitative data. In addition, an eclectic checklist based on the criteria suggested by various scholars was prepared to evaluate the textbooks taught at the PMA. The findings indicate that knowledge of English is a decisive factor for success in Pakistan Army. However, the results revealed that there is plenty of scope for improvement in the present courses that are being taught at the PMA and that a literature oriented general English course does not help the cadets achieve the required proficiency in English language. In identifying the language needs of cadets, a vast majority of all the population groups have ranked writing and speaking skills as the most important language skills required, followed by reading and listening. The results also provided a clear picture of the learners’ level of inadequacy in the skills required for performing academic and professional roles in military settings. It was also found that some changes need to be made in teaching style in order for courses to be more effective. Based on the findings of this study, a needs-based course has been proposed for implementation at the PMA. The study concludes with various recommendations that may help improve the English language teaching and learning at the PMA.
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سلیم واحد سلیم

سلیم واحد سلیم(۱۹۲۱ء۔۱۹۸۱ء) کا اصل نام سلیم ہے جبکہ قلمی نام سلیم واحد سلیم ہے۔ آپ سلیمؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ سلیم آگرہ بھارت میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ۱۹۴۲ء میں سلیم واحد سلیم نے طبیہ کالج علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی سے بورڈ آف انڈین میڈیسن اورسرجری میں ڈپلومہ حاصل کیا۔ (۷۱۱) آپ کے والد خلیفہ عبدالواحد ملازمت کے سلسلے میں ہندوستان سے ایران چلے گئے۔ آپ بھی اپنے والد کے ساتھ ایران میں مقیم رہے۔ ایران سے واپس آنے کے بعد خلیفہ عبدالواحد نے اپنی بیگم اور بچوں سمیت سیالکوٹ میں رہائش رکھی۔ یہاں سیالکوٹ میں ہی سلیم واحد سلیم نے اپنا مطب بھی کیا۔ سلیم واحد سلیم کے بیوی بچے آگرہ میں مقیم تھے۔ ان کی اپنی بیوی ام حبیبہ سے تعلقات خوشگوار نہیں تھے۔ اس لیے ۱۹۵۰ء میں آپ نے پاکستان میں منتقل ہونے کا حتمی فیصلہ کر لیا۔ سلیم واحد سلیم سیالکوٹ کے علاوہ لاہور میں بھی مقیم رہے۔(۷۱۲)سیالکوٹ میں قیام کے دوران سلیم واحد سلیم سیالکوٹ کے مشاعروں میں شرکت کرتے تھے۔ آپ سیالکوٹ کی ادبی تنظیموں بزمِ ارباب سخن اور انجمن ترقی پسند مصنفین کے بانیوں میں شامل ہیں۔ سلیم بزم ارباب سخن سیالکوٹ کے پہلے سیکرٹری چنے گئے۔(۷۱۳) سلیم واحد سلیم کا کوئی شعری مجموعہ طبع نہیں ہو سکا۔ ان کا کلام ان کی ذاتی بیاضوں میں موجود ہے۔ جو کہ کسی رسالے اور جریدے میں شائع نہیں ہو سکا۔ تابندہ بتول نے اپنے ایم ۔فل اردو کے مقالے میں سلیم واحد سلیم کے شعری کلام کی تدوین کرنے کی کوشش کی ہے لیکن وہ بھی ان کے مکمل کلام کو مرتب نہیں کر سکیں۔ضرورت اس امر کی ہے کہ ان کے سارے کلام کو یکجا کرکے زمانی ترتیب سے مرتب کیا جائے۔

سلیم واحد سلیم کا کلام ادبی دنیا لاہور،ادبِ لطیف لاہور،اسلوب لاہور،دستور لاہور،ماحول لاہور،دوست لاہور،نیرنگ خیال لاہور، نقوش لاہور،مخزن لاہور،ہمایوں لاہور،سویرا لاہور،امروز لاہور،پرواز لائلپور،انقلاب...

مشکل الحدیث کے حل میں ملا علی قاری ؒ کا منہج۔ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The Problematic narration has always been under the special focus of the commentators of Hadith. This important branch of Hadith sciences, in fact, removes all objections that arise on the text of an authentic narration of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). Mulla Ali Al-qari, being a famous commentator has opted for a comprehensive pattern in solving such problematic narrations in his famous commentar0y on Mishqat Al-masabih named Mirqat Al-mafatih. This article is an effort to explore his style by presenting ten examples from this voluminous commentary. Qari has at first, investigated the authenticity of such narration. He has tried to present the views and interpretations of his predecessor scholars such as Nawavi, Ibne-Hajar, Khattabi, etc. He seems to owe a clear viewpoint about this kind of narration that prophetic sayings after being confirmed and authentic as per principles set in Hadith Sciences, must be interpreted in a way that testifies the sanctity of that narration. This research concludes that problematic narrations have been interpreted by Muslim scholars of every age according to the knowledge they possessed. In this modern age of Science and technology, if any such narration has multi interpretations only one may be preferred which is supported by the available modern research It will surely make non-believers inclined to Islam and its eternal teachings.

Zinc Nutrition and Microbial Allelopathy for Improving the Productivity, Grain Biofortification and Tolerance Against Abiotic Stresses in Chickpea

Zinc (Zn) deficiency in sandy soils is one of the major reasons of low chickpea yield in Pakistan. Soil Zn deficiency is often associated with human Zn deficiency due to low Zn concentration in the edible plant parts. For this, a series of experiments were conducted to: (i) optimize the Zn application through seed treatment in desi and kabuli chickpea, (ii) charectrize desi and kabuli chickpea genotypes for genetic diversity and grain Zn bioavailability, (iii) evluate the role of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB, Enterobacter sp. MN17) in combination with Zn application in improving the productivity and grain biofortification of desi and kabuli chickpea, (iv) study the mechansim of Zn induced tolerance against heat and drought stresses in desi and kabuli chickpea. For optimization, Zn was applied through seed priming and seed coating. Among seed treatments, seed priming with 0.001 M Zn and seed coating with 5 mg Zn kg-1 seed significantly improved stand establishment and early seedling growth of both chickpea types. Zinc application, through either method, improved the stand establishment, grain yield, and grain biofortification. The use of PGPB together with Zn application was more effective in improving the stand establishment, grain yield and grain Zn biofortification. The response of chickpea types differed in Zn and Zn+ PGPB application. In kabuli chickpea, Zn application is more effective through seed coating + Enterobacter sp. MN17, while in desi, Zn application through soil application + Enterobacter sp. MN17 was the best in improving the productivity, profitability, bioavailable Zn and grain quality. The results of genetic diversity revealed low to moderate genetic diversity (0.1488 for desi and 0.1041 for kabuli) among the tested chickpea genotypes (n = 16) of Pakistani origin. However, there was significant variation for yield and grain quality. The highest grain yield, grain Zn concentration and bioavailable Zn was recorded in desi genotype NIAB-CH-2016 and in kabuli genotype Noor-2013. Abiotic stresses suppressed the growth of chickpea, and under Zn deficiency the suppressive impacts were more severe. However, adequate supply of Zn (1 µM) improved the tolerance against the drought stress (35% water holding capacity) and heat (35/30°Cday/night) stresses in chickpea owing to the improvement in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants, photosynthesis, and accumulation of free leaf proline. In conclusion, Zn fertilization and Zn + PGPB improved the stand establishment, productivity and grain biofortification of chickpea. The chickpea genotypes of Pakistani origin had low to moderate genetic diversity for grain yield and bioavailable Zn. Adequate supply of Zn improves the chickpea growth and performance under abiotic stresses.