عبدالرحمن خان نشترؔ
جناب عبدالرحمن خان نشتر کی وفات نے پورے اترپردیش کو سوگوار بنادیا ہے، وہ اس صوبہ کے ایک مقبول اور ہر دلعزیز لیڈر تھے، ان پر دو بار دل کی بیماری کا حملہ ہوچکا تھا، ۷؍ اکتوبر کو بریلی کے ایک مشاعرہ میں نعتیہ کلام سماعت فرما رہے تھے کہ پھر حملہ ہوا اور جاں بحق ہوگئے، اِناﷲِ وَ اِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون، انھوں نے پہلے کان پور میں تجارت شروع کی، پھر قوم و وطن کی خدمت کے لیے اپنی زندگی وقف کردی وہ کانگریس پارٹی کے سرگرم اور مخلص کارکن تھے، مختلف تنظیمی عہدوں پر فائز رہنے کے علاوہ وزیر بھی رہے، اقلیتوں کے مسائل اور قومی یکجہتی کے پروگرام سے دلچسپی کی بناء پر کانگریس کے اقلیتی سیل کے صدر اور ریاستی قومی یکجہتی کونسل کے نائب صدر مقرر کیے گئے، جو بھی عہدہ اور ذمہ داری انھیں سپرد کی جاتی، اسے محنت، قابلیت اور دیانت داری سے انجام دیتے اور نیک نامی حاصل کرتے۔
نشتر صاحب ایک خوش عقیدہ مسلمان اور بزرگان دین کے بڑے متعقد تھے، مزاروں پر بھی حاضری دیتے، صوم و صلوٰۃ کے پابند تھے، تلاوت قرآن میں ناغہ نہ کرتے، حج کا فریضہ بھی ادا کیا تھا، گزشتہ سال لکھنو کی تقدس حج کانفرنس کا افتتاح کرتے ہوئے انھوں نے جو پرمغز اور دلنشین تقریر کی اس سے لوگ بہت متاثر ہوئے، اس سے ان کی گہری مذہبیت کا بھی اندازہ ہوا، مسلمانوں کے مخصوص مسائل سے بھی دلچسپی لیتے اور اس کے لیے جرأت و بے باکی سے آواز بلند کرتے، وہ اپنی نیکی، شرافت، وضعداری اور انسانیت دوستی کی وجہ سے ہر طبقہ میں مقبول تھے، دوسروں کی مدد کرکے خوش ہوتے، بڑے عہدوں پر فائر ہونے کے باوجود عوام سے بھی برابر رابطہ قائم رکھتے، راقم سے ملاقات ہوتی تو بڑے تپاک سے ملتے...
This study discusses how to integrate the values of moderate Islamic character in Islamic higher education institutions. Integration of the value of moderate Islamic character values can be implemented through learning in all subjects in Islamic higher education. Integration of Islamic character values can be done on all subjects in Islamic higher education by referring to the concepts, systems and theories of learning. Learning the value of moderate Islamic characters can give students a personality color better than before and can inspire lecturers as learners. In carrying out enlightenment and intelligence in shaping tough, courageous, honest, tolerant, responsible and consistent students, in order to answer the challenges of powerlessness and inability to build national identity, inability to reconstruct the nation's potential responsively and dynamically. The hope of the writer, with the integration of the value of moderate Islamic character in all courses in Islamic higher education, can be the basis for the formation of adherent behavior, and the value of character can be a declarator of glory on the face of the earth
In this PhD thesis, we investigate the coherent control of electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) through different atomic media under distinct conditions of coherence. An atom-field system which exhibits EIT acts as an EIG (atomic grating) when the traveling wave control field is replaced by a standing-wave field. The spatial modulation of the standing-wave changes the amplitude of the incident probe light field in a periodic manner similar to that as hybrid grating. The EIG and its applications have attracted researchers in various fields of science to study, for example, diffracting and switching a quantized probe field, probing the optical properties of a material, and all optical switching, routing, and light storage.Initially, we investigated the role of spatial coherence on diffraction intensity for a partially coherent incident Gaussian Schell model (GSM) beam which is diffracted from a two-level atomic grating. It is shown that the performance of the atomic grating is greatly influenced by the spectral coherence width of the partially coherent fields. It is observed that relatively large intensity of the diffracted light can be obtained via spatial coherence, beam width, interaction length, and mode index of partially coherent incident light. The scheme provides possibilities for the potential applications of atomic grating in lensless imaging using the partially coherent light field. Next, we present a scheme to realize electromagnetically induced grating in an ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms, which act as superatoms (SAs) due to the dipole blockade mechanism. The ensemble of three-level cold Rydberg-dressed (87Rb) atoms follows a cascade configuration where a strong standing-wave control field and a weak probe pulse are employed. The diffraction intensity is influenced by the strength of the probe intensity, the control field strength, and the van der Waals (vdW) interaction. It is noticed that relatively large first-order diffraction can be obtained for low-input intensity with a small vdW shift and a strong control field. The scheme can be considered as an amicable solution to realize the atomic grating at the microscopic level, which can provide background- and dark-current-free diffraction. Finally, we extend the idea of electromagnetically induced grating to exploit the realization of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced holographic imaging (EIHI) in an ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. Here, we consider two schemes for holographic imaging; the first scheme is the direct detection of holographic imaging pattern and called as electromagnetically induced classical holographic imaging (EICHI), whereas in the second scheme entangled photon pairs are employed for the imaging and it is called as electromagnetically induced quantum holographic imaging (EIQHI). Both schemes are employed to obtain 1D and 2D holographic imaging. In EICHI and EIQHI, amplitude and phase information of EIG can be imaged with controllable image variation in size. It is noticed that holographic imaging is also influenced by vdW effect present in Rydberg atoms.