Peshawar city is one of the oldest cities of the subcontinent, previously known as the queen city of South Asia possessing marvelous past with rich history and enthralling cultural traditions. Allah has gifted the region with beautiful lakes, rivers forest and mountains giving way to other areas through different passes. Among them the famous Khyber Pass has played a vital role as a gateway to the subcontinent for invading armies and trading caravans between Central Asia and South Asia since long time. Sub-Continent was invaded by several European invaders which resulted in colonization. This colonization of the Sub-Continent basically influenced the cultural life of the native people in all respect and had many positive and negative impacts on the Sub-Continent. Modern technology, communication systems and better living standards were introduced, but it also led to dependency on Britain and supremacy of the rulers. Along with other influences it affected the architectural style throughout the Sub-Continent. The British rulers added numerous types of buildings like bridges, post office, churches, memorials, hospital, residential and official buildings and educational institutions. Same types of structures were also erected in Peshawar. Islamia College is one of the oldest educational institutions located in the western part of Peshawar founded by Nawab Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum and Sir George Roos-Keppel in October 1913. The Architectural manner of the building is a blend of Islamic Mughal style combined with typical Curzonean touches. The building with its magnetic structure, embedded by domes, kiosks topped with cupolas and crowing pinnacles and finials, creates a wondering eyes catching site. Darul-Ulum-i-Islamia “Islamia College” now Islamia College University does not merely symbolize a towering building but is a repository of the Muslim’s struggle for independence especially in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, against the prolonged foreign dominance. The layout was designed in symmetrical order, which reflects the Muslim architecture merged with some Gothic features. The institution was provided with all the facilities such as a mosque, library, administration center, hostels, residences, quarters for staff, play grounds and a market as well. The main building has a hall (known as Roos Keppel Hall), fronted on south by a porch having a rectangular clock tower topped by a dome. The parapet of the hall lying between the domes compositions is marked with molded band and balustrade in the form of ring shape marlins. The main building of Islamia College is heavily decorated with different styles of eaves and brackets. The bricked walls of the building give strong impression of solidness and strength. Rectangular and octagonal shaped columns, pointed, cusped and round shaped arches are main focal component of Islamia College architecture. Well-ventilated class rooms and administrative offices are provided with pointed and ellipse shape doors, windows and ventilators. Simple bricks and steel beams ceilings are used in buildings. The Islamia College buildings have well planned water shoot system. The Islamia College buildings are provided with different types of grill in metal and terracotta. Geometrical and floral design motifs are used in Islamia College buildings. During the last century the existence Islamia College has served the people and has gifted enormous benefits to the general mass regarding education. The social benefits that the people will derive from the existence of this prestigious educational institute cannot be evaluated in figures. It may be rationally and vigorously concluded that this center of educational hub will continue to serve the community and is bound to remain a centre of attraction as a proud and rewarding monument of history, a landmark in the urban scale for many more years to come. Architecture of Islamia College represents uninterrupted living tradition existing in architecture of sub continent during the period of British raj connecting present and the past. More emphasis is given to the volume and symmetry with strong attention to intricate details. It represent a blend of Mughal and Gothic architecture. This made the Islamia College buildings more articulate, graceful and temporal. The architectural design became landmark in the history of Peshawar. Islamia College Peshawar is important as it has gone through a long historical period of 100 years and has now recently been declared as national heritage of Pakistan. Due to the requirements and changing academic environment, most parts of the old buildings are subject to frequent maintenance and renovation that has affected the originality and beauty of the structure. The research presents various aspects of the buildings in relation to architecture. It will open new vistas for further research on the other parts of the building.
(نیشنل یونیورسٹی آف ماڈرن لینگویجز، نمل، اسلام آباد)
ہمارے محترم دوست ڈاکٹر الطاف یوسف زئی مرنجاں مرنج شخصیت ہیں۔ ملکوں ملک سیر کرتے ہیں خوش باش رہتے ہیں اور دوستوں کو خبر دیتے رہتے ہیں کہ بھئی زندگی کو یوں دیکھو۔ دنیا گول مٹول سی ایک گڑیا ہے، اس کے دھنک رنگ چہرے پہ نظریں جمائے رکھو اور چلتے رہو، زندگی بھلی لگے گی۔
ابھی کل ہی کی بات ہے ان کا سفر نامہ ’’تھائی لینڈ کے رنگ‘‘ پڑھا اور دیر تک اس کا جادو اثر دکھاتا رہا۔ اب ’’نیل کے سنگ‘‘ پڑھ رہا ہوں تو گویا دوہرے جادو کے حصار میں ہوں۔ مصر ایک ملک نہیں،ایک جادو نگری ہے۔ اس نگری کو جانے والے کم ہی سلامت دل لوٹتے ہیں۔ جہاں ایمان سنبھالے رکھنا بھی اک کام ہے لیکن دل کا جانا تو یقینی بات ہے۔ ڈاکٹر الطاف یوسف زئی نے بڑی کدو کاوش سے ایمان سنبھالے رکھا ہے لیکن دل کے معاملے میں حسبِ روایت جیت بازارِ مصر ہی کی ہوئی ہے۔ گو ہمارے مسافر کا سفر ایک علمی مقصد کے تحت تھا اور گو اس میں کچھ شک و شبہ نہیں کہ ہمارے مسافر کا سینہ وادیِ سوات کے منزہ پانیوں جیسا شفاف ہے لیکن مصر تو مصر ہے۔ باوضو نگاہیں بھی یہاں اس جادو کے سامنے بے بس ہو جاتی ہیں جو سامری کے زمانے سے بھی بہت پہلے نیل کی پیدائش کے ساتھ ہی اس مٹی پانی میں پھونک دیا گیا تھا۔
سفر نامے میں ایسے کئی مقامات آتے ہیں جہاں مسافر اس جادو کے زیرِ اثرعجب از خودرفتگی کے عالم میں نظر آتا ہے۔ مجھے وہ منظر بہت ہی بھلا لگا ہے جب کسی...
Renowned Yemeni poet and freedom fighter Muhammad Mahmood Al-Zubairi, also known as the father of freemen, born in Sanna in 1910 in a middle class family. He was one of the Yemeni iconic revolutionaries who opposed the Imamate. He took part in the revolution in 1962, bringing about Yemen’s transition from a monarchy to a republic. He was one of the founders of the movement of liberals and the leader of opposition against the Imam’s rule. This led to his persecution and he suffered destitution and exile outside his country, settling finally in Pakistan where he had opportunity to translate the poetry of Pakistan’s national poet, Muhammad Iqbal into Arabic. Finally, in 1962, when the revolution against the Imam erupted in Yemen, he went back to his country and became the minister of education. He fallen victim to the royalist forces in 1965 and has been regarded since as one of the Yemen’s most acclaimed martyrs. Al- zubairi published several collection of poetry. In 1978, a volume of his collected poems was published entitled Diwan al-zubairi. His work reflects a real originality of themes, ideas and method of treatment. This article discusses the literary work of Abu Ahrar Muhammad Mahmood Al-Zubairi.
Asthma is an obstructive airway inflammatory disease which causes narrowing of airway,
airflow obstruction and produces wheezing sounds. Tumor necrosis factor a
polymorphism leads to inflammation and provoke asthma which lead to morbidity and
mortality in the population. The objective of the study was to look into single nucleotide
polymorphism in upstream region of TNF a at -238 and -308 by ARMS PCR technique in
asthmatic and control group. It was a prospective study constituting 17 clinical diagnosed
asthmatic patients (Diseased) and 19 non-asthmatic patients (Control). The female was 6
(31.6%) and male were 13 (68.4%) in control group while female were 9 (52.9%) and
male were 8 (47.1%) in asthmatic group. Mean age (49.59?15.82 year) and BMI
(21.96?06.67 kg/m2) were recorded for asthmatic group while mean age and BMI for
control group were recorded to be 32.82?12.50 year and 18.87?05.17kg/m
, respectively.
PCR amplification of TNF a gene was done in a thermocycler for -238 and -308
genotype analysis by the ARMS technique and statistical analysis showed that there was
association between asthma and TNF a polymorphism at -238 G>A (p < 0.0001) and
-308 G>A (p < 0.0086). Clinical genetic testing should be recommended to use TNF a
polymorphism as a biomarker in asthmatic patients to reduce its adverse effects.