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The Job Satisfaction of District Officers

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Khan, Abdul Sattar

Program

PhD

Institute

Gomal University

City

Dera Ismail Khan

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2011

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Public Adminisration

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1775

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725110087

Similar


Organizations expect involvement and commitment from their workforce to create esprit de corps for the realization of corporate as well as individual objectives. However, worker’s attitude (involvement and commitment) depends on his/her satisfaction from different aspects of the organization as related to the employees. Employee’s satisfaction or ‘Job Satisfaction’ therefore determines the degree to which a worker will be involved in and committed to any job/work. Several organizational dimensions have been identified as the predictors of job satisfaction but pay, work, supervision, promotion, work environment and co-workers are widely researched independent variables that have been studied over and over again (job-related factors). In the background of these instant variables, organizational structure, policies and broader social context play dominant role in the variation of job satisfaction (organization related variables). Finally, the personal characteristics of employees are also responsible to explain the job satisfaction of the workers in any organization (personal features). Job satisfaction is the degree of match and mismatch between whatever is expected by the employee from the organization and what he/she gets in reality. The worker expectations are the motivators which, if fulfilled, motivate the employee to get involved and show commitment. Thus, what motivates a worker is the predictor of his job satisfaction. According to the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, job satisfaction of those employees who need to meet their primary needs depends on the fulfillment of primary motives. And those at the higher levels of motivation can be satisfied only when their8/193 higher level motives like status, recognition, and self-actualization are addressed by the organization. For example, workers with high level motives cannot be motivated or satisfied with the fulfillment of low level needs. One who needs high profile status cannot feel happy (neither motivated nor satisfied) with an increase in pay only. Although job, organization and person related variables are universal in their existence as predictors of job satisfaction however, they all ‘read’ differently from person to person, job to job, organization to organization and location to location. The same factors operate in every study of job satisfaction but their impact on workers’ contentment and performance vary significantly in multiple manners. Given this, neither the same explanation/definition can portray all the situations nor the single solution model can be implemented everywhere. There is need to understand every individual organizational situation separately in terms of job, organization and person related factors. These factors hold unique attributes in every employee and work situation and must be tapped by the researchers so that a ‘local’ definition of ‘job satisfaction’ could be developed to figure out a ‘domesticated solution’ for addressing satisfaction problems. A huge research is going on to explore the issue of job satisfaction of top management or executives, managers, supervisors, and the staff in different countries, organizations and situations. The findings from developed and developing nations match in several aspects but they also differ in many dimensions. For example, in advanced countries, high level motivation factors are more responsible for job satisfaction than in the developing states9/193 where job satisfaction still depends more heavily on the primary and middle level of factors of motivation. To cut short, the understanding of ‘job satisfaction’ as an issue for developing countries (in public or private sector organizations) is only possible if local research is conducted to record the nature, intensity and variety of job, organization and employee related characteristics. This local knowledge can give real touch of the ‘native problem’ thereby enabling the concerned researchers and authorities to sort out a real picture of the problem. Furthermore, the localized version of the problem is only logical option for devising a solution that is compatible with the local work attitudes and environment. The research shows that there is big variation between the job satisfaction of public and private sector employees with common belief that public sector employees are less satisfied than those working in private organizations. Similarly, job satisfaction varies within public organizations across different departments. Abdul Sattar Khan PhD scholar in Management Studies Department of Public Administration, GU, DIK, KPK, Pakistan
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دوست کی فرمائش

دوست کی فرمائش

بڑا افسوس ہے تیری بے وفائی کا
صدا غم رہے گا تیری اس جدائی کا

جس باغیچے کو ہم نے پرورش کیا
کسی موسم میں بھی سوکھنے نہ دیا
پھولوں کے عین شباب میں جدا کردیا
بڑا امتحان تھا میری صبر آزمائی کا

پھولوں کے نکھار نے دل میں بسیرا کیا
اندھیرا تھا دل میں سویرا کیا
جدائی کے غم نے برا حال میرا کیا
درد اٹھتا رہے گا دل پہ چوٹ لگائی کا

پھولوں کے نکھار پہ بلبلیں بھی آنے لگیں
جھرمٹ بناکے وہ گیت گانے لگیں
پھولوں پہ بیٹھ کے وہ خوشیاں منانے لگیں
بڑا دکھ ہوا پھولوں کی خوشبو چرائی کا

مالی نے کی پھولوں کی بہت ہی رکھوالی
مگر لالچ میں آکر توجہ ہٹالی
صورت حال گئی نہ اس سے سنبھالی
بڑا چرچا ہوا اس کی رسوائی کا

چاولہ سائیں پھولوں کی مہک ہے بہت نرالی
بلبلوں کو بھی مل جائے گی اک دن دیس نکالی
چمن رہ جائے گا سب خالی کا خالی
تجھے کیا ملے گا دنیا میں دل بہلائی کا

عہد نبوی میں حفاظت قرآن سے متعلق مستشرقین کے اعتراضات کا علمی جائزہ

Islam is the complete code of life. The Prophet (PBUH) and his companions made every effort to safeguard it. They handed it over in fully preserved form without any flaw to their true followers. However, adversaries of Islam have been trying to find faults with safety of Quran and the life of Prophet (PBUH). Orientalists are among them. Orientalists are those non-Muslim scholars, who do their research about Muslim’s beliefs, culture and values. Their purpose is to double edge. First to create doubts in the minds of Muslims regarding their religion. Secondly to marsh hated in the hearts and minds of non-believers. This is why these prejudiced scholars criticize Quran and the personal life of Prophet (PBUH). In the following discussion we have analyzed these objections in detail regarding the safeguard of the Holy Quran during the time of Muhammad (PBUH).

Mapping of Genes Responsible for Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly

Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH; microcephaly primary hereditary) is a congenital condition caused by impairment of growth and development of foetal brain. The only associated characteristic phenotype is non-progressive intellectual disability of varying degree. Therefore, MCPH is a principal disorder to hunt for genes having critical role in prenatal brain growth. MCPH is genetically heterogeneous with 11 loci and 10 genes been mapped to date. In the present study 11 families segregating MCPH were ascertained for genetic and molecular characterization. Prior to which clinical parameters including measurement of occipital head circumference, pedigree analysis, estimation of intelligence quotient (IQ with amended Wechsler scale), computed tomography (CT) scan, and biometric data collection, were investigated. These assessments clearly specify that under study families segregate nonsyndromic primary microcephaly with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. After then linkage analysis based on homozygosity mapping was performed. Whole genome SNP genotyping with 250K Nsp 1 array was carried out after exclusion mapping in selected individuals of family A. Data analysis using homozygosity mapper identified three homozygous linkage regions on chromosome 1, 10 and 16 while and analysis with dChip rule out the loci on chromosome 1 and 10. Furthermore microsatellite based genotyping of all available family members was also carried out for three putative loci. Parametric linkage analysis yielded a maximum multipoint LOD score of 3.2 at markers D16S3042 and D16S3128. This has led to the mapping of a novel locus at chromosme16p13.3-13.2 spanning 4.85 Mb region. The identified HBD interval was flanked by rs7192880 and rs11648289 and harbors 46 protein coding genes. However sequencing of Rbfox1 and WDR58 lying within the linkage interval did not identify any pathogenic sequence variant. Microsatellite based genotyping revealed linkage of four families (B-E) to MCPH2 on chromosome 19q13.1–13.2. Multipoint linkage analysis carried out by pooling the genotype data of these families yielded a maximum LOD score of 9.5 at markers D19S554 and D19S223 tightly linked to WDR62 gene. Subsequently Sequence analysis Mapping of Genes Responsible for Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly Abstract of 32 coding exons and splice junction sites of WDR62 gene led to the identification of two novel (c.3232G>A/ p.Ala1078Thr; c.1942 C>T/ p.Q648X) and two known (c.1313G>A/ p.Arg438His; c.3936_3937insC/ p.Val1314ArgfsX18) sequence variants segregating with disease phenotype. Molecular genetic analysis of six MCPH families (F-K) mapped linkage at MCPH5 locus/ASPM on chromosome 1q31. ASPM is the most prevalent gene, responsible for >50 MCPH cases worldwide. Sequence analysis of 28 coding exons and splice junction sites of ASPM gene found two novel (c. 6686-6689delGAAA/ p.R2229TfsX9; c. 77delG/ p. G26AfsX41) and three recurrent (c.9159delA/ p. K3054fsX5; c.1260- 1266delTCAAGTC/ p.Ser420fsX31, c. 3978G>A/ W1326X) mutations. AFLP analysis in two families bearing (c. 3978G>A/ W1326X) mutation revealed common disease associated haplotype suggested founder mutation in Pakistani population. The present work also supports the high prevalance of MCPH in Pakistani families. It also supports the genetic heterogeneity of MCPH in Pakistani population. The identified mutations extend the body of evidence implicating the role of two genetic players (ASPM and WDR62) in disease associated patho-mechanisms.