مُلاّ جان محمد
افسوس ہے گذشتہ مہینہ ہمارے دومخلص قومی کارکن ملاجان محمدکلکتہ اورمولانا محمد عاقل الٰہ آباد انتقال کرگئے۔ملا صاحب کااصل وطن پشاور تھالیکن عرصہ دراز سے کلکتہ میں آبسے تھے اوراب سچ مچ وہی ان کاوطن تھا۔نہایت پُرجوش،جری اوربیباک انسان تھے۔گذشتہ نصف صدی میں کوئی قومی اور ملی تحریک ایسی نہیں ہے جس میں انہوں نے بڑھ چڑھ کراورولولہ و عزم کے ساتھ حصہ نہ لیا ہو۔ ان کی علمی زندگی کاآغاز تحریک خلافت سے ہوا اوراختتام مجلس مشاورت پر۔کلکتہ میں شاید ہی کوئی مسلم ادارہ(یہاں تک کہ محمڈن اسپورٹنگ کلب بھی) ایسا ہوجس میں ملاصاحب نے نمایاں حصہ نہ لیاہو۔اسی وجہ سے وہ کلکتہ کے لوگوں میں بے حد مقبول تھے۔ بڑے بے غرض،بے لوث اورنہایت سادہ اورمخلص مسلمان تھے۔۱۹۵۰ء میں کلکتہ کے فساد میں لوگوں نے ان کو بچوں کی طرح چیختے اور روتے دیکھا ہے۔ عمر۸۵ سال کے قریب تھی۔ [نومبر ۱۹۷۲]
Islam has given the dignity to women more than as it is given by any other religious or social system. This dignity covers almost every fiedld of life. Business is also one of these fields, where Islam has provided a variety of oppurtunities. Basic sources of Islam, that are, Quran and Hadith elaborated all these rights of women. The right of being a business-woman as provided by Islam is based on the one of the basic principals of Islam, that is, equality of oppurtunities without taking into consideration the gender of a member of the society. A woman can exercise all these rights as a man can. Women are the other half of the society and without which life cannot be imiginated on its peak. It is imperitive to mention here that women are playing a pivotal role in the development of any country/society and it is impossible to achive advancement without the participation of women. In this article, different kinds of rights that are given to women in an Islamic system such as policital, financial, health, educational, social and family rights, are being dicussed in detail. An exculsive foxus remained on business related rights of a woman.
Extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli are major pathogens responsible for causing urinary tract infections. These are associated with multiple drug resistance (MDR) and high virulence. A triplex PCR was employed to segregate each isolate into different phylogenetic groups. Among fifty nine uropathogenic E.coli isolates majority belonged to phylogenetic group B2 (50%) where as 19% each belonged to groups A and B1, and 12% to group D. Phylogenetic group D isolates were found to be less frequent but harbored multiple drug resistance and virulence related genes to a greater extent. Drug resistance was evaluated by disc diffusion method and relevant drug resistance gene detection. It was found that most effective drugs were gentamicin and amikacin among aminoglycosides; aztreonam, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone and cefixime among β lactams, and ciprofloxacin among quinolones. Streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and nalidixic acid were relatively ineffective. Chloramphenicol was found to be very effective for urinary tract infections. Highly prevalent drug resistance gene was mutated gyrA (83%) followed by tem (46%), bltTEM (41%), tetB (34%), catP (31%), and tem β lactamase (15%); blaSHV and tetA were not detected. Among virulence related genes most prevalent was hlyA (37%) followed by sfaDE (27%), papC (24%), cnf1 (20%), eae A (19%) and afaBC3 (14%). Some of isolates were highly hemolytic to human erythrocytes and some were highly cytotoxic to Vero cells. Highly hemolytic isolates mainly belonged to group D, where as highly verotoxic isolates belonged to group B2 followed by group D. It was also noted that in cnf1 negative isolates cytotoxicity was related to papC, sfaDE, afaBC3, eae A and hlyA genes.