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The Rationale & Development of Organizational Democracy Scale

Thesis Info

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Author

Kaleem Ahmed

Program

PhD

Institute

National College of Business Administration and Economics

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Business Administration

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11868/1/Kaleem%20Ahmed%20businees%20admin%202019%20ncbae%20lhr%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725120435

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The emerging labor movement in 20th century had embraced very different views of possibility of democracy at work (Hyman, 2016). Despite being present in the scholarly and industrial research since decades, understanding on organizational democracy was limited (Lee and Edmondson, 2018). Majority of studies on this construct are qualitative, narrow in scope and have generalizability issues (specifically outside Europe and USA).Since the last two decades, academic and industrial researchers have shown greater interest in it, but the concept is still in need of more clarity, as well as theoretical and empirical support (Han and Garg, 2018; Battilana et al., 2016). In continuation of these efforts, this research develops the construct of organizational democracy which is “a system of organizational governance based on the principles of autonomy and freedom giving employees equal rights to participate, share, involve and contribute in organizational affairs directly or indirectly for attaining overall objectives and goals of organization”. Using extensive literature review, this research thoroughly examines how this centuries old multi-disciplinary, multi-dimensional and multi-facet concept came into the management literature. The review also includes a comprehensive discussion on what organizational democracy is, what impacts it can have on the organizations, empirical facts, and industrial practitioner’s efforts in flourishing this idea. Using several qualitative tools (literature review, focus groups, netnography, expert In-depth interviews and field survey), the research develops a construct on organizational democracy, differentiating feature being its comprehensiveness as compared to the already existing one. The qualitative information obtained through all sources was processed through quantitative content analysis using KH Coder. The findings of KH coder and learnings from American civic centre of education three components (liberalism, constitutionalism and functionalism), ten dimensions (freedom, fairness, integrity, tolerance, shared responsibility, structure, transparency, knowledge sharing, accountability and learning environment) were identified that led to development of conceptual framework for organizational democracy. By adopting established scale development procedures (DeVellis, 2017; Hinkin, 1998; Spector, 1992), the organizational democracy scale was developed, refined and validated. The new organizational democracy scale consists of 45-items, consistent with theory three components and ten dimensions. The new dimensions were verified by exploratory factor analysis x (EFA) using a sample of 287 respondents obtained from different educational institutes. The dimensions were further validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using a separate sample of 304 respondents obtained from various industries. All the major goodness-of-fit indices indicated the model’s good fit (χ2/df = 1.52; CFI = 0.96; NFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.041; SRMR = 0.06). Finally, statistically significant figures (AVE and CR) for convergent and discriminant validities were obtained along with correlation values for each dimension not exceeding the criterion of 0.70 (Stevens, 2009) suggesting negligible multicollinearity. The development of organizational democracy scale is a valuable contribution in management, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource literature, especially in the Asian context. The newly developed measures will assist future researchers and industrial practitioners in deeper exploration of this important organizational construct. In addition, organizational managers and supervisors can use this scale for establishing, assessing and improving democratic practices at their workplaces. The testing of organizational democracy scale under different situations, settings and designs (sample size, contextual boundaries, methodology) in future, will further add to its authentication, validation and applicability.
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خدا کا ہر نبیؑ ذیشان ٹھہرا
مگر رُتبہ جدا ہے مصطفیؐ کا

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تلاوت ہی میں ہے مدحت کی لذت
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